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" Three Essays in International and Development Economics "
Almozaini, Majed S.
Xu, Zhun
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Latin Dissertation
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English
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| Record Number
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1051605
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| Doc. No
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TL50722
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| Main Entry
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Almozaini, Majed S.
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| Title & Author
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Three Essays in International and Development Economics\ Almozaini, Majed S.Xu, Zhun
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| College
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Howard University
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| Date
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2019
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| Degree
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Ph.D.
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| student score
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2019
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| Note
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127 p.
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| Abstract
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This dissertation consists of three distinct chapters related to international and development economics. Chapter 1: The discovery of a significant natural resource can have a positive or negative effect on a country’s economy, particularly in the long term. An increase in oil prices, which is the primary source of income for the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), will result in an appreciation of the currency in these countries. This change in the real exchange rate will, in turn, lead to structural changes in the economy, including the effects on other sectors such as the manufacturing and agricultural sectors. In this study, I focused on the determination of the effects of increasing oil prices on the real exchange rate. Upon an appreciation of the currency, I studied the effects of the real exchange rate on the manufactured exports. I assessed the effect of the expanding oil revenues on the non-oil sectors of some OPEC. I used panel data sourced from official sources such as the World Bank and OPEC from 1980 to 2013. I empirically investigated the presence of the Dutch disease in the largest producers’ countries in the OPEC, focusing on the long-term relationship among the crude oil price, real exchange rate, and manufacturing, covering the period 1980–2013 using the Johansen cointegration test and the vector error correction model. Chapter 2: The research in the second chapter examines the causal relationship between different types of energy consumption and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in five countries with high consumption of energy of various kinds (e.g. energy consumption, oil consumption, gas consumption) and a large economy among the countries of the world. These countries are China, India, Japan, the United States (USA), and Saudi Arabia. through study of the relationship for the period 1968 to 2016, This period witnessed various changes in the economy, consumption, and production in these countries. The analysis begins with testing the unit root to determine whether the data are stationary or not. Then, testing the cointegration to determine whether there is a long-term relationship between the variables before utilizing Granger causality tests for the variables in each country. Chapter 3: Continual increases in the military expenditure in various countries has caused worldwide debate. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between government military expenditure and unemployment rates in three countries: the USA, which is the most politically and economically powerful nation worldwide, and leads the capitalist trend; China, a socialist country with the second strongest economy; and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which is the most powerful monarchical system in the world and largest Middle Eastern partner of the USA, and in recent years, has had the greatest military expenditure worldwide. This study was conducted from 1998 to 2017. The following four variables were examined: unemployment rate, military expenditure, non-military expenditure, and GDP.
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| Descriptor
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Economics
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Xu, Zhun
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Howard University
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