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" Identifying Genetic Relationships Among Tarsier Populations in The Islands of Bunaken National Park and Mainland Sulawesi "
Sumampow, Thalita Christiani Pingkan
Beier, Paul
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Latin Dissertation
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| Language of Document
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English
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| Record Number
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1051787
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| Doc. No
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TL50904
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| Main Entry
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Sumampow, Thalita Christiani Pingkan
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| Title & Author
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Identifying Genetic Relationships Among Tarsier Populations in The Islands of Bunaken National Park and Mainland Sulawesi\ Sumampow, Thalita Christiani PingkanBeier, Paul
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| College
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Northern Arizona University
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| Date
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2019
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| Degree
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M.S.
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2019
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| Note
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65 p.
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| Abstract
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I reviewed literature on the biology, ecology, and methods for studying tarsier, as well as the distribution, conservation issues and future prospective research of eastern tarsiers. Being a charismatic species and with a close association to forests, eastern tarsiers are an excellent flagship species to raise awareness of biodiversity conservation in Sulawesi. Shekelle and Leksono’s (2004) hybrid biogeography hypothesis predicts 16, or more, areas of endemism throughout the island of Sulawesi based in part on tarsiers’ vocalizations. Currently, 11 cryptic species of eastern tarsiers have been named, potentially leaving five more to be described. Due to ongoing threats on Sulawesi’s biodiversity, such as deforestation and illegal pet trade, rapid identification efforts are urgently needed to prevent the species from going extinct before they are even discovered. The search for cryptic species is critical for setting conservation priorities and effective conservation management. The project team and I gathered genetic data that could support or refute the existence of cryptic tarsier species on three volcanic islands in Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, namely Bunaken, Manadotua, and Mantehage, during May-August 2018. We recorded tarsier duet calls and used these calls to follow tarsiers to their sleeping sites, where we captured them, collected saliva by buccal swab, took small ear biopsies, and promptly released them. We sequenced individuals at 5 nuclear genes (ABCA1, ADORA3, AXIN1, RAG, and TTR). By comparing our sequences to existing genotypes at 14 mainland sites, we constructed a multilocus Bayesian species tree to see the relatedness between populations. We also built a time-calibrated multilocus Bayesian tree to have some insight into the divergence mechanism between populations. Our results show that the island populations are genetically identical to one another, yet distinct from the ones on mainland, with an estimated divergence time of ~150,000 – 2,000 YA. This study provides strong, new information for tarsier conservation, advances the understanding of biogeography of Sulawesi, and contributes to Indonesian awareness of biodiversity.
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| Descriptor
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Behavioral sciences
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Conservation biology
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Ecology
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Forestry
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Genetics
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Wildlife conservation
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Beier, Paul
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Northern Arizona University
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