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" Informing Vector-Borne Disease Intervention Strategies in Biodiversity Hotspots: Indonesia "
Davidson , Jenna Renee
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Latin Dissertation
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English
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| Record Number
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1052606
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| Doc. No
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TL51723
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| Main Entry
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Davidson , Jenna Renee
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| Title & Author
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Informing Vector-Borne Disease Intervention Strategies in Biodiversity Hotspots: Indonesia\ Davidson , Jenna Renee
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| College
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University of Notre Dame
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| Date
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2019
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| Degree
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Ph.D.
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2019
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| Note
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222 p.
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| Abstract
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Over the past few decades, global changes have resulted in the re-emergence of vector-borne diseases (VBDs), including but not limited to, malaria, dengue fever, and Zika in many parts of the world, inflicting high morbidity and mortality at a disproportionate level, especially in the developing world. Furthermore, the incidence of VBDs is increasing. Dengue fever, for example, has increased 30-fold over the past 50 years, and its human and economic costs are staggering. VBDs alone amount to a loss of approximately 83.5 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 1990 and increasing to approximately 94.5 million DALYs in 2010, severely slowing economic growth in endemic regions. Indonesia’s Malaria Control Program, decreed by the Ministry of Health in 2009, declared a national commitment to eliminate malaria by 2030. From the centralized, national level, the Ministry of Health produces a general framework in the form of recommendations, standards, and goals based on generalized WHO recommendations for elimination efforts. However, the decree also established a commitment to the principles of decentralization, making Indonesia one of four countries in the Southeast Asian region with a subnational elimination strategy alongside India, Myanmar, and Thailand. Therefore, outside of recommendations and strategies provided at the centralized level, control and surveillance efforts are delegated to the provinces and ultimately to districts and local stakeholders. Not surprisingly, this results in widely variable strategy efficacy throughout the nation. To some extent, this is wise, as Indonesia is a highly biodiverse archipelago with complex species dynamics, bionomics, and human behaviors that may confound efforts to over-centralize such efforts. However, due to the lack of reporting mechanisms, comprehensively summarizing and evaluating efforts to reduce the disease burden in Indonesia a difficult task, as data regarding control method administration and effectiveness are not always tracked and reported by local stakeholders with little to no centralized incentive to follow through in that manner. Furthermore, there are no goals or recommendations set by the Ministry of Health in regard to mosquito surveillance for species compositions and bionomic information. Vector control strategies require detailed knowledge of the identity, distribution, and bionomics of the primary disease vectors within the target region. Due to Indonesia’s current practices in mosquito surveillance, species identification, and bionomics determination, little is known about disease circulating mosquito vectors present in Indonesia. This dissertation attempts to fill this knowledge gap by providing much needed information regarding Indonesia’s mosquito disease vectors’ identity, distribution, and bionomics, as well as to propose a new strategy to improve vector control program efficacy in the country. The Indonesian Ministry of Health’s current recommendations to provincial governments currently lacks any goal or requirement towards determine this information. Therefore, as a Null hypothesis, this research will consider that: standard practices for mosquito surveillance, identification, and bionomics determination effectively inform vector-borne disease intervention strategies in biodiversity hotspots: Indonesia. This dissertation addressed subcomponents, or objectives, to reject or accept the null hypothesis. The specific objectives of this dissertation were to (i) evaluate standard practices for mosquito surveillance in their ability to comprehensively survey local mosquito species compositions in biodiversity hotspots, (ii) evaluate trapping methodologies for mosquito surveillance in their ability to characterize mosquito bionomics in biodiversity hotspots, and (iii) evaluate the accuracy of morphological mosquito identification in biodiversity hotspots. Each chapter investigates its own specific aims within a local or regional setting and addresses one to three objectives underlying the primary null hypothesis.
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Parasitology
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Virology
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University of Notre Dame
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