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" Rethinking Human-Cattle Interactions at Çatalhöyük (Turkey) through Bayesian Analysis of Cattle Biometry and Behavior "
Wolfhagen, Jesse
Twiss, Katheryn C
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Latin Dissertation
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English
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| Record Number
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1053245
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TL52362
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Wolfhagen, Jesse
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Rethinking Human-Cattle Interactions at Çatalhöyük (Turkey) through Bayesian Analysis of Cattle Biometry and Behavior\ Wolfhagen, JesseTwiss, Katheryn C
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| College
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State University of New York at Stony Brook
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| Date
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2019
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Ph.D.
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2019
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250 p.
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| Abstract
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The adoption of domesticated plants and animals revolutionized the economic, social, and biological underpinnings of human communities. Recent research has demonstrated that domestication processes were more prolonged and complex than previously modeled, requiring us to reevaluate the initial spread of domesticates. This dissertation reexamines the spread of morphologically domesticated cattle (Bos taurus) to the Neolithic community of Çatalhöyük (Turkey), occupied between ca. 9,000–7,500 years ago. I use Bayesian models to explore trajectories in cattle biometry, exploitation, and behavior over the course of the site’s occupation using multilevel mixture modeling to estimate cattle biometry and estimate the age/sex status of different elements at the site and Bayesian models to interpret stable isotopic analyses (δ13C, δ18O, δ15N, 87Sr/86Sr) of cattle bones and teeth to track trajectories in changing cattle diet and habitat use. Results suggest that cattle body sizes started to decrease ca. 8,500 years ago (in the site’s Late Çatalhöyük occupation phase) and continued decreasing through the remainder of the site’s occupation. This gradual decrease in cattle body size is mirrored by changes in cattle mortality and behavior: more animals died before reaching adulthood. While cattle diets became more variable over time, trends in habitat use were generally stable throughout the site’s occupation. The data are thus consistent with increasingly regular predation pressuring local cattle populations to develop faster life histories: they do not suggest import of fully managed cattle. The gradual development of these traits at Çatalhöyük and elsewhere in Anatolia reframes our understanding of cattle domestication: rather than being domesticated in a circumscribed area and spreading from this center, morphologically domestic cattle may have instead developed out of longer-term, local processes of increased entanglements between human and cattle lifeways.
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Archaeology
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Twiss, Katheryn C
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State University of New York at Stony Brook
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