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" Fish and Fishery of Hilsa (Family: Clupeidae) of Gujarat State with Reference to Migration "
Sarma, Kangkan Jyoti
Mankodi, Pradeep C.
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Latin Dissertation
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| Language of Document
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English
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| Record Number
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1053771
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TL52888
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| Main Entry
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Sarma, Kangkan Jyoti
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| Title & Author
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Fish and Fishery of Hilsa (Family: Clupeidae) of Gujarat State with Reference to Migration\ Sarma, Kangkan JyotiMankodi, Pradeep C.
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| College
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Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (India)
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| Date
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2019
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| Degree
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D.Phil.
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2019
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| Note
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169 p.
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| Abstract
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Tenualosa ilisha (Hilsa) is one of the major clupeids found in the Indian subcontinent. The range of the Hilsa ranges from Persian Gulf to the waters of Myanmar. It has major fishery and economic importance for rich flavour and high nutritive value. Belonging to the Clupeidae family, a major group of fishes, the fish stay in large schools having silver bellies and a little greenish back. With no spines in their body, a deep forked tail and large scales. The clupeids account for 15% of the total fish catches from inland and marine zones. Majority of them is used for consumption, while many are used for various products of pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes. The oil from its flesh adds a special flavour to for the food bugs and the oil extracted from the fish is an important by product for various industries. Around 160 species from 50 genera are included in the family Clupeidae, surely giving it an important place in the fisheries in most of the tropical countries. The distribution of clupeids can be found from Temperate to Sub-arctic areas ranging from Atlantic Ocean to Bay to Bengal. The family is divided into different species having different habitats and niches with distinctive habits and preferences ranging from freshwater to brackish and marine waters. The spawning quality of these different species differs variedly from each other; some breed in spring, some are breeding in early summer and some breed in monsoon. The food resource of these clupeids is mostly dependent upon the zooplanktons chiefly comprising of copepods, crab larvae, molluscan or fish larvae. Taking the brackish water into consideration where most the clupeids are in their habitats, despite the heavy flow of water, wider saline conditions a very fertile part of water is formed because of the intermixing of freshwater and marine waters and most of the fish fauns takes refuge. Temperature also plays a major role in migration of Hilsa as they prefer 27 - 35°C, even during the winter months. Tenualosa ilisha was first classified in Vishakhapatnam and was given the name Palash, and was given the first description. Later by Hamilton in 1822, it was classified as Clupanodon ilisha. An anadromous fish, spending its lifetime in estuarine or brackish waters and for the purpose of spawning or breeding they move into the freshwaters during the monsoon seasons. Talking of Tenualosa ilisha, its distribution is from Iran and Iraq in the Persian Gulf to the west coast of India in the Arabian Sea and on eastern coast the Bay of Bengal. The observations made in the states of India are Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal and Gujarat has proved that Hilsa breeds in the upper stretches of estuaries or rivers where the water is freshly available. The adult Hilsa is of silvery colour shot with gold and purple. The young ones are usually of a bronze colour along the back, with silvery sides and a burnished silvery band going from above the eye to the upper half of the caudal fin, and the caudal fin is often deeply edged with black in its entire circumference. Caudal peduncle as long as deep Dorsal fin with soft rays originated in the anterior half of the body without caudal and located slightly anterior to pelvic fin. The pectoral reaches to above the origin of the pelvic. Pectoral and pelvic fins are with auxiliary scales. Hilsa is a heterosexual species in which female grows faster than male and the body of female is broader than the male with larger girth. Urino-genital opening of the gravid female is flat but narrow in the case of male where papillae are comparatively prominent.
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| Descriptor
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Zoology
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Mankodi, Pradeep C.
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| Added Entry
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Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (India)
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