Fitna in early Islamic history - Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE - مرکز و کتابخانه مطالعات اسلامی به زبان های اروپایی

منو

" Fitna in early Islamic history - Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE "
Cook, David B.

Document Type	:	AL
Language of Document	:	English
Record Number	:	1061659
Doc. NO	:	ALei2056
Main Entry	:	Cook, David B.
Title & Author	:	Fitna in early Islamic history - Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE\ Cook, David B.
Publication Statement	:	Leiden: Brill
Title of Periodical	:	Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Note	:	(874 words)
Abstract	:	The word fitna (pl. fitan ), which occurs thirty-four times in the Qurʾān—where it means approximately “trial, temptation” (or perhaps “distraction [from the faith]”)—was found across religious and political boundaries in early Islam. Its pre-Islamic usage appears to include the idea of “a melting (of metals) in order to separate or distinguish the good from the bad” (Lane, s.v. fitna; as perhaps in Q 21:35, 54:27), but in the Qurʾānic text it is often contrasted with some absolute, such as “killing” or “death” (Q
Subject	:	Islam.
electronic file name	:	ALei2056.pdf