Muwālāt and Apostasy in the Early Sokoto Caliphate

منو

" Muwālāt and Apostasy in the Early Sokoto Caliphate "
Kota Kariya

Document Type	:	AL
Record Number	:	1067419
Doc. No	:	LA111048
Call No	:	‭10.1163/21540993-00902003‬
Language of Document	:	English
Main Entry	:	Kota Kariya
Title & Author	:	Muwālāt and Apostasy in the Early Sokoto Caliphate [Article]\ Kota Kariya
Publication Statement	:	Leiden: Brill
Title of Periodical	:	Islamic Africa
Date	:	2018
Volume/ Issue Number	:	9/2
Page No	:	179–208
Abstract	:	‘Uthmān b. Fūdī (d. 1817) launched a jihad in Hausaland in 1804 and was successful in establishing a strong polity known as the Sokoto Caliphate. During this jihad, the Sokoto leadership clashed not only with non-Muslims but also with those who had historically been recognized as Muslims, such as the inhabitants of Bornu, a state neighboring Hausaland. Islamic law does not, in principle, permit attacks on Muslims. Therefore, to justify the jihad, the hostile Muslims had to be branded unbelievers. For that, ‘Uthmān and his successor, Muḥammad Bello (d. 1837), developed and instituted a provision on apostasy based on the idea of muwālāt (friendship) with unbelievers. This stipulation emerged as a substantial regulation legalizing the violence committed by the Sokoto leaders on Muslims who were opposed to them both within and outside the early Caliphate.
Descriptor	:	"
Descriptor	:	‘Uthmān b. Fūdī
Descriptor	:	African Studies
Descriptor	:	Muḥammad Bello
Descriptor	:	Religion
Descriptor	:	Sokoto Caliphate
Location & Call number	:	‭10.1163/21540993-00902003‬