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" An Outline of Recent Studies on the Nigerian Nok Culture "
Peter Breunig, Nicole Rupp, Peter Breunig, et al.
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AL
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| Record Number
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1069931
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LA113560
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| Call No
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10.3213/2191-5784-10298
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| Language of Document
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English
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| Main Entry
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Nicole Rupp
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Peter Breunig
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| Title & Author
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An Outline of Recent Studies on the Nigerian Nok Culture [Article]\ Peter Breunig, Nicole Rupp, Peter Breunig, et al.
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| Publication Statement
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Leiden: Brill
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| Title of Periodical
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Journal of African Archaeology
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| Date
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2016
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| Volume/ Issue Number
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14/3
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| Page No
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237–255
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| Abstract
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Until recently the Nigerian Nok Culture had primarily been known for its terracotta sculptures and the existence of iron metallurgy, providing some of the earliest evidence for artistic sculpting and iron working in sub-Saharan Africa. Research was resumed in 2005 to understand the Nok Culture phenomenon, employing a holistic approach in which the sculptures and iron metallurgy remain central, but which likewise covers other archaeological aspects including chronology, settlement patterns, economy, and the environment as key research themes. In the beginning of this endeavour the development of social complexity during the duration of the Nok Culture constituted a focal point. However, after nearly ten years of research and an abundance of new data the initial hypothesis can no longer be maintained. Rather than attributes of social complexity like signs of inequality, hierarchy, nucleation of settlement systems, communal and public monuments, or alternative African versions of complexity discussed in recent years, it has become apparent that the Nok Culture, no matter which concept is followed, developed complexity only in terms of ritual. Relevant information and arguments for the transition of the theoretical background are provided here. Until recently the Nigerian Nok Culture had primarily been known for its terracotta sculptures and the existence of iron metallurgy, providing some of the earliest evidence for artistic sculpting and iron working in sub-Saharan Africa. Research was resumed in 2005 to understand the Nok Culture phenomenon, employing a holistic approach in which the sculptures and iron metallurgy remain central, but which likewise covers other archaeological aspects including chronology, settlement patterns, economy, and the environment as key research themes. In the beginning of this endeavour the development of social complexity during the duration of the Nok Culture constituted a focal point. However, after nearly ten years of research and an abundance of new data the initial hypothesis can no longer be maintained. Rather than attributes of social complexity like signs of inequality, hierarchy, nucleation of settlement systems, communal and public monuments, or alternative African versions of complexity discussed in recent years, it has become apparent that the Nok Culture, no matter which concept is followed, developed complexity only in terms of ritual. Relevant information and arguments for the transition of the theoretical background are provided here.
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| Descriptor
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Central Nigeria
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Iron Age
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Nok Culture
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West Africa
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10.3213/2191-5784-10298
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