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" Ecología política del cambio climático y la violencia: "
Awash, Beniam
Moore, Jason W.
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Latin Dissertation
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| Language of Document
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English
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| Record Number
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1107428
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| Doc. No
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TLpq2445944136
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| Main Entry
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Awash, Beniam
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Moore, Jason W.
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| Title & Author
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Ecología política del cambio climático y la violencia:\ Awash, BeniamMoore, Jason W.
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| College
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State University of New York at Binghamton
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| Date
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2020
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| student score
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2020
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| Degree
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Ph.D.
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| Page No
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385
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| Abstract
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This thesis is a comparative examination of the relationship between climate change, violence and ‘land grabbing’ in the Sahelian African states of Sudan and Ethiopia. An extensive debate has been raging for a decade within academic and policy circles regarding the possible consequences of climate change for violence. There is consensus that the biophysical effects of climate change may act as a catalyst for violent conflict. Yet, research remains at a methodological impasse and with inadequate explanations of how this works. Additionally, effects of social policies designed for adaptation and mitigation of carbon pollution, such as the cultivation of biofuel crops through large-scale land expropriations, remains underexplored. This thesis aims to fill that gap through examination of warfare in Darfur, Sudan and massive expropriation of agricultural and pastoral lands in Ethiopia. I argue climate engenders violence and ‘land grabbing’ through two modalities: first, through biophysical effects of climate change-induced ecological transformations, such as Sahelian droughts, and second through social responses, such as biofuel cultivation, which are claimed to decrease heat-trapping greenhouse gas concentrations. Drawing on key informant interviews, an analysis of primary policy documents, existing data and employing a political ecology approach, I examine three questions: (1) How do anthropogenic climate change-related ecological transformations shape livelihood systems, relations of power, access to and control of natural resources and engender violence and what types of violence? (2) What is the relation of the establishment of large-scale biofuel cultivation by foreign capital, to violence? (3) What are the sociological meanings associated with ‘land grabbing’? The thesis’ major findings suggest that institutions regulating access and control over resources – idara ahliya (native administration) in Sudan and ethnic federalism in Ethiopia – mediate the effects of climate change-induced droughts and climate policies, thereby functioning to engender violence. Idara ahliya excluded Darfuri camel-nomads from accessing life sustaining resources resulting in violence and de-centralized ‘land grabbing’ by nomadic pastoralist tribes – a form of ‘mal-adaptation’ to climate change-related desertification of northern Darfur. Ethnic federalism enabled state elites to engage in massive land expropriations to simultaneously create “cheap nature” and “cheap labor” for foreign and domestic capital. Additionally, land-use based climate change policies generated environmental discrimination of micro minorities and destruction of Ethiopia’s virgin forests and vegetative cover, which destroyed its carbon sinks.
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Climate change
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Environmental studies
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Sociology
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Sub Saharan Africa studies
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