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" Working on the Sabbath: "
Kail, Zachary J.
Crowe, Brandon
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Latin Dissertation
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| Language of Document
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English
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| Record Number
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1107791
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| Doc. No
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TLpq2456802501
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| Main Entry
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Crowe, Brandon
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Kail, Zachary J.
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| Title & Author
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Working on the Sabbath:\ Kail, Zachary J.Crowe, Brandon
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| College
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Westminster Theological Seminary
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| Date
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2020
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| student score
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2020
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| Degree
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Ph.D.
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| Page No
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292
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| Abstract
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This thesis argues that in Heb 4:10, ἔργα means Old Covenant works which find their fulfillment in New Covenant rest. Chapter one restricts my investigation to uses of ἔργα where explicit or implicit works-rest patterns are present. I note how OT works-rest patterns revolve around four OT themes: God’s creation, the wilderness wanderings, the Sabbath, and the Sanctuary. Chapter two surveys the LXX’s use of ἔργα in works-rest patterns. First, I examine two divine works-rest patterns: God’s creation and Sabbath rest and God’s works in the wilderness and rest in the Land/Sanctuary. I then demonstrate how humans follow these divine works-rest patterns in keeping the Sabbath and offering Sanctuary sacrifices. Finally, I argue that Yom Kippur represents the culmination of OT works-rest patterns. Chapter three investigates the use of ἔργα in Second Temple Judaism and the NT. Second Temple writers use ἔργα in similar ways to the LXX. Moreover, I contend that OT works-rest patterns take an eschatological turn in the Second Temple period, particularly as they relate to the Sabbath and Sanctuary. I then examine the NT’s use of ἔργα within works-rest patterns. I conclude that NT works-rest patterns center on Christ as the fulfillment of the Old Covenant. Chapter four explores works-rest patterns in Hebrews. I investigate Heb 1:1–3; 2:14–18; 4:14–5:10; 9:1–10:18. The Author’s Yom Kippur theology contains a Jesus-centered works-rest pattern centered on the transition from Old to New Covenant. In the New Covenant, Jesus “rests” in God’s presence and gives believers access to the inner sanctum. The Author uses ἔργα to denote the works dimension of this works-rest pattern (6:1; 9:14). Chapter five examines Heb 3:7–4:13. Using the OT background and immediate context, I establish this passage as a sacerdotal text. I then show that the Author is concerned about present entrance into God’s eschatological Temple rest through the New Covenant. Next, I examine the three major interpretative options for ἔργα in 4:10 and find each wanting. Finally, I argue that ἔργα means “Old Covenant works.” These works refer to the ceremonies of Torah which have been fulfilled in Christ.
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Biblical studies
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Religion
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Theology
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