Remittances and Food Security:

مرکز و کتابخانه مطالعات اسلامی به زبان های اروپایی

منو

" Remittances and Food Security: "
Ebadi, Narges Melgar-Quiñonez, Hugo

Document Type	:	Latin Dissertation
Language of Document	:	English
Record Number	:	1112094
Doc. No	:	TLpq2516253540
Main Entry	:	Ebadi, Narges
	:	Melgar-Quiñonez, Hugo
Title & Author	:	Remittances and Food Security:\ Ebadi, NargesMelgar-Quiñonez, Hugo
College	:	McGill University (Canada)
Date	:	2018
student score	:	2018
Degree	:	M.Sc.
Page No	:	91
Abstract	:	Since 2000, the number of international migrants has increased steadily, reaching 258 million in 2017. More than one-third of international migration moves from South to North, basically from developing to developed countries. Like international migration but in opposite direction, flows of remittances have also increased largely to developing countries since 2000. International remittances flow into developing countries attract increasing attention because of their rise in volume and their impact on the recipient countries. Receiving remittances from outside the country has become a household coping strategy that might contribute to poverty reduction, to alleviate hunger, to promote better diets and to increase productive investments. Because little is known about the topic, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the linkage between receiving remittances and the food security status in Global South (GS) regions. Although there are some studies on different countries that explore the association between receiving remittances and household food quality and quantity consumption or food consumption expenditures, this is the first study that examines the association between food security and receiving remittances by using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) for individuals in the Global South (GS). Data were obtained from the 2017 Gallup World Poll (GWP), which interviewed face-to-face 68,463 individuals in 65 countries. The target population in the GWP is the entire civilian, non- institutionalized, population aged 15 and older. All samples were selected using probability sampling techniques and are nationally representative. The GWP surveys average 1,000 individuals per country. Different statistical analyses such as descriptive, crosstabs, binary, and multinomial logistic regressions analyses, were applied in this study. This study assessed the association between receiving remittances and the food security status, by controlling the role of covariates. Additionally, the predictors of receiving remittances were also measured. Regardless of GS region, this study found a significant association between receiving remittances and food security (both crosstabs and regression analyses). In the unadjusted logistics regression, regardless of region, while severe food insecurity was significantly related to not- receiving remittances (OR=1.532; P= 0.000), results from socio-demographic factors in the GS indicated that the probability of being severely food insecure increased among individuals who were females (OR=1.061; P=0.000), lived in rural areas (OR=1.645; P=0.000), in large households (OR=1.750; P=0.000), in ages between 26 and 49 years (OR=1.171; P=0.000), in the poorest 20% of income quintile (OR=2.994; P=0.000), with low education (OR= 6.568; P=0.000), unemployed (OR=1.948; P=0.000), and divorced/separated or widowed (OR=1.370; P=0.000). Regarding GS regions, in the unadjusted logistics regression, the findings from this study indicate that the likelihood of being severely food insecure was significant for people in sub- Saharan Africa (SSA) (OR=2.080; P=0.000), and Asia (Southeast, South, and East) (OR=1.384; P=0.000) for those who did not receive remittances from migrants. In the adjusted model, socio- demographic factors also remained significantly related to food security. As a result, this study found that receiving remittances seems to indirectly influence the food security status of individuals receiving remittances in the GS through household income, education, employment, and the area of residence. In terms of the determinants of receiving remittances within regions, the results of the unadjusted logistics regression analyses showed that people living in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) were less likely to receive remittances. In contrast, people living in rural areas in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Asia 4 (Southeast, South, and East), were more likely to receive remittances from outside of the country. However, no significant association was found between the area of residence and receiving remittances for the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Only in SSA and LAC receiving remittances was significantly related to education levels. Notably, respondents with low education were less likely to receive remittances. Concerning employment status, part-time employed respondents from all regions were more likely to receive remittances. Within all the regions in this study, the poorest 20% income quintile households were less likely to receive remittances. Apart from global as well as regional levels, both unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses were carried out for ten countries in the GS. The results for the single countries within GS regions indicated that in Liberia, Yemen, Haiti, and Nepal not receiving remittances was significantly related to moderate and severe food insecurity. In these four countries and South Africa, not receiving remittances was negatively associated with being food secure. Although receiving remittances seems to positively impact the food security status of individuals in the GS, regardless of region, the association might not apply to all countries in the analyzed sample. More detailed analysis for individual countries and with larger samples of households or individuals are required to better understand such relationship. Still, institutions and agencies involved in food security policy, programing and interventions should consider the role of remittances in the GS and how to incorporate this element into their work.
Subject	:	Agricultural production
	:	Agriculture
	:	Consumption
	:	Economic impact
	:	Food security
	:	Migration