Ammoniation of moldy straw and hays to improve nutritive value and(or) alleviate mycotoxicosis when ...

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" Ammoniation of moldy straw and hays to improve nutritive value and(or) alleviate mycotoxicosis when fed to ruminants "
M. F. U. Khan G. S. Smith

Document Type	:	Latin Dissertation
Language of Document	:	English
Record Number	:	1112765
Doc. No	:	TLpq303796869
Main Entry	:	G. S. Smith
	:	M. F. U. Khan
Title & Author	:	Ammoniation of moldy straw and hays to improve nutritive value and(or) alleviate mycotoxicosis when fed to ruminants\ M. F. U. KhanG. S. Smith
College	:	New Mexico State University
Date	:	1989
student score	:	1989
Degree	:	Ph.D.
Page No	:	118
Abstract	:	Baled prairie hay (10% CP) and wheat straw (3.8% CP) were allowed to mold. Moldy and nonmoldy portions were ammoniated (3 kg anhydrous ammonia/100 kg; 4 to 21C; 7 d) and fed. Ammoniation increased CP in nonmoldy straw (3.8 to 8.8%) and moldy straw (3.3 to 6.2%) and caused lesser change in nonmoldy (9.9 to 13.2%) and moldy hay (8.3 to 13.2%). Ammoniation decreased NDF in both roughages. Sixteen wether sheep (48 3 kg) were fed moldy or nonmoldy hay (with or without ammoniation) ad libitum for 17 d. Hat intake (2.6 to 2.8% of BW daily) was not affected (P >.10) by mold or by ammoniation; but digestibility of NDF was increased (P <.10) by mold (62 vs 55%) and by ammoniation (61 vs 55%). Digestibility of CP was decreased by mold (41 vs 58%; P <.10) and increased slightly by ammoniation (53 vs 46%; P >.10). Moldy hay caused a severe decrease in N balance (-6.6 vs 1.3 g/d; P <.10), and ammoniation failed to improve N balance of wethers fed moldy hay. Moldy hay tended (P >.10) to elevate serum aminotransferase activities (AST and ALT). Ammoniation increased blood urea N (BUN; 16 vs 9 mg/dl; P <.10) but also tended to increase serum alkaline phosphatase (ALK) as well as AST and ALT. Sixteen beef steers (241 7 kg) were fed moldy or unmoldy wheat straw (ammoniated or unammoniated) ad libitum for 19 d. Intake was least (P <.10) for steers fed moldy, nonammoniated straw (1.3% of BW daily) and greatest (P <.10) for steers fed moldy, ammoniated straw (1.8% of BW daily). Steers fed nonmoldy straw gained 5 kg and those fed moldy straw lost 6 kg BW (P <.26) during 19 d. Ammoniated, nonmoldy straw elevated BUN (10.5 mg/dl) over other straws (2.3 to 3.8 mg/dl; P <.10). ALK was greater in steers fed moldy vs nonmoldy straw (148 vs 95 U/liter; P <.10). Sixteen steers were fed moldy bermuda grass hay that was unammoniated (11.2% CP) or ammoniated (14.2% CP). Hay intake was not affected (P >.10) by ammoniation. Serum ALK, AST and lactic dehydrogenase were elevated by moldy hay, and alleviated by ammoniation. Ammoniation improved nutritive value of low-protein straw but failed to alleviate toxic effects of moldy straw and hays.
Subject	:	Biological sciences
	:	Livestock
	:	straw