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" Beeswax-based films as alternative substrates for rearing parasitoids of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: "
I. d. S. Aquino
R. D. Eikenbary
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Latin Dissertation
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| Language of Document
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English
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| Record Number
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1112907
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| Doc. No
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TLpq304392983
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| Main Entry
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I. d. S. Aquino
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R. D. Eikenbary
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| Title & Author
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Beeswax-based films as alternative substrates for rearing parasitoids of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera:\ I. d. S. AquinoR. D. Eikenbary
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| College
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Oklahoma State University
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| Date
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1997
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| student score
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1997
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| Degree
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Ph.D.
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| Page No
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102
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| Abstract
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Scope and method of study. Alternative films for rearing parasitoids of the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) were studied. The alternative films used were Waxfilm (Pat. Pend.), carnauba wax, colored beeswax sheets, and combinations of these. Parafilm "M" was the control. The methods used were those proposed by Cate (1987) and Aquino (1993 and 1996). All tests were conducted under laboratory conditions, 24 2C, 80 5 RH. Findings and conclusions. Waxfilm (Pat. Pend.) was shown to be as good as Parafilm "M" in rearing the parasitoids Catolaccus grandis, Bracon thurberiphagae, and an undetermined Bracon sp. supplied by EMBRAPA/CNPA (Campina Grande, PB, Brazil) and the USDA/APHIS (Mission, TX, USA). Waxfilm (Pat. Pend.), combinations of Waxfilm (Pat. Pend.) with carnauba (Copernicia cerifera Arruda Camara) wax or Parafilm "M", and Parafilm "M", as well as colored beeswax, were all effective in rearing these parasitoids. This study demonstrated that beeswax can be mixed up to 20% carnauba wax for a film more effective than Waxfilm (Pat. Pend.) alone. The length of time from eclosion to emergence from Waxfilm (Pat. Pend.) is 1/6 of the time from Parafilm "M". The emergence hole on Waxfilm (Pat. Pend.) is a round single hole, very similar to the natural escape from cotton squares. Escape holes in Parafilm "M" however, vary in shapes, sizes, and number. Aspergillus niger was significantly more prominent in Parafilm "M" than in Waxfilm (Pat. Pend.). A key based on emergence holes is provided that allows the determination of boll weevil or C. grandis emergence from a cell, and identifying the sex of the emerged parasitoid. Finally, a method for managing humidity and drinking water in parasitoid rearing cages is described that reduces insect mortality.
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Agronomy
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biological control
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Biological sciences
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Catolaccus grandis
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Entomology
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Entomology
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