|
" Patterns and determinants of abundance of the Sulawesi crested black macaque (Macaca nigra) on Bacan Island, Indonesia "
B. R. Rosenbaum
C. H. Southwick
| Document Type
|
:
|
Latin Dissertation
|
| Language of Document
|
:
|
English
|
| Record Number
|
:
|
1113369
|
| Doc. No
|
:
|
TLpq304241988
|
| Main Entry
|
:
|
B. R. Rosenbaum
|
|
|
:
|
C. H. Southwick
|
| Title & Author
|
:
|
Patterns and determinants of abundance of the Sulawesi crested black macaque (Macaca nigra) on Bacan Island, Indonesia\ B. R. RosenbaumC. H. Southwick
|
| College
|
:
|
University of Colorado at Boulder
|
| Date
|
:
|
1996
|
| student score
|
:
|
1996
|
| Degree
|
:
|
Ph.D.
|
| Page No
|
:
|
261
|
| Abstract
|
:
|
The Sulawesi crested black macaque, Macaca nigra, was studied from 1991 to 1994 on the eastern Indonesian islands of Bacan and Sulawesi. Primary objectives included assessment of the status of natural populations, and of habitat and anthropogenic factors affecting population densities. This research is the first ecological field study of Macaca nigra on Bacan. Macaca nigra were observed in all habitats below 1250 m. Three habitats--primary rain forest, eight year old logged forest, and traditionally-used primary forest--were studied intensively. Highest densities were found in primary rain forest and in traditionally-used primary forest. Lowest densities were found in logged forest. Estimated group and population densities varied significantly from 7.4 groups and 182.8 individuals/km2 in primary forest to 4.9 groups and 133.9 individuals/km2 in logged forest. Average size of groups in logged forest (27.4 indiv/km was significantly larger than average group size in primary forest (24.7 indiv/km Botanical surveys of trees usd\geusd10.0 cm DBH in undisturbed primary forest, traditionally-used primary forest, and logged forest assessed the effects of human disturbance on the fruit resource base of Macaca nigra. Logging significantly reduced both the structure and composition of fruit resources available to macaques. Traditional use of the forest had no significant effects. Total basal cover, canopy tree density, percent canopy cover, average patch size and aggregate tree dispersion were all greatest in primary and traditionally-used forests. Four measures of tree species diversity consistently showed a decline in logged forest. Total Ficus spp. density was greatest in logged forest. But fig trees in logged forest were mostly of species unimportant as fruit resources to Macaca nigra. On Sulawesi, all populations of M. nigra are threatened by hunting and land clearing. Tangkoko-Batuangas-DuaSudara Nature Reserve (TDS) may harbor the last viable population. The situation in TDS, however, is precarious. In protected core areas at Tangkoko, Macaca nigra was found in the stable, high densities. However, on the unprotected border of the reserve at DuaSudara, Macaca nigra populations showed a decline in population density. Evidence points to hunting, rather than habitat loss or degradation, as the most likely explanation for the decline in Macaca nigra populations at TDS.
|
| Subject
|
:
|
Biological sciences
|
|
|
:
|
Ecology
|
|
|
:
|
Ecology
|
|
|
:
|
Forestry
|
| |