Prevalence of Clostridium difficile and Salmonella, and validation of an immunoassay for Clostridium...

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" Prevalence of Clostridium difficile and Salmonella, and validation of an immunoassay for Clostridium difficile toxin detection in horses "
Carlos Eduardo Medina-Torres

Document Type	:	Latin Dissertation
Language of Document	:	English
Record Number	:	52911
Doc. No	:	TL22865
Call number	:	‭NR50134‬
Main Entry	:	Carlos Eduardo Medina-Torres
Title & Author	:	Prevalence of Clostridium difficile and Salmonella, and validation of an immunoassay for Clostridium difficile toxin detection in horses\ Carlos Eduardo Medina-Torres
College	:	University of Guelph (Canada)
Date	:	2009
Degree	:	D.V.Sc.
student score	:	2009
Page No	:	131
Abstract	:	Typhlocolitis in the horse is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Specific etiologic agents that cause typhlocolitis have been described. Two pathogenic bacteria, which are common causes of equine enteritis, are Clostridium difficile and Salmonella enterica . Clinical presentations of C. difficile infection and salmonellosis are indistinguishable from one another and from other infectious and non-infectious causes of typhlocolitis. This study determined the prevalence of these two bacteria, demonstrated the Techlab® C. DIFFICILE TOX A/B II(TM) ELISA as the most frequently used diagnostic test throughout North America and validated its use in horses. Fecal samples were collected to assess the apparent prevalence of Clostridium difficile and Salmonella spp. shedding in racehorses at 4 racetracks and 2 breeding farms, and among horses admitted to a referral clinic in Ontario. PCR-ribotyping and toxin gene profiling were performed on the isolated strains of C. difficile . A C. difficile prevalence of 7.6% and a Salmonella spp, prevalence of 0.2% was estimated on racetrack horses. A C. difficile prevalence of 5.8% was established for breeding farm horses and of 4.9% for horses admitted to the referral clinic; these were all negative for Salmonella spp. An overall prevalence of 7.0% for C. difficile and 0.14% for Salmonella spp. was found in 742 fecal samples. Seventeen different PCR-ribotypes of C. difficile were identified. A survey conducted to establish winch of the diagnostic tests available for C. difficile infection in horses is most commonly used throughout North America identified the Techlab® C. DIFFICILE TOX A/B II(TM) ELISA. The test was validated against the Gold Standard for C. difficile toxin detection, a cell cytotoxicity inhibition assay. No significant difference between tests was observed and a high level of agreement was obtained. The diagnostic performance of the ELISA test was adequate (84% sensitivity and 96% specificity) and the use of this test may now be recommended.
Subject	:	Biological sciences; Horses; Clostridium difficile; Salmonella; Typhlocolitis; Microbiology; Veterinary services; 0778:Veterinary services; 0410:Microbiology
Added Entry	:	University of Guelph (Canada)