| Abstract
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The main purpose of this dissertation was to determine whether income, education, gender, family size, and constraints like high cost of building materials, high house rents, etc. are the factors that contribute to the Enugu residents decision to dwell in slums of Agangwu, Ngele-Effor, Ugwu-Aaron, and Ugwu-Bottle where they generate pollutions that devastate environment and human health, warranting the need for the low-income housing for these groups to avoid environmental devastation. Therefore, a survey design was applied using constructed questionnaires, oral interviews with policymakers, professionals, bankers, and contractors. Personal observations (photographs) were directed to the residents occupying the four slum areas, while the face-to-face (oral interviews) were held between the policymakers, professionals, bankers, contractors, and the staff of Enugu State Ministry of Housing, Ministry of Lands, Survey Department and Land-Use Corporation. Data for the study were statistically treated using the Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hypothesis was used to determine the source of the significance. Statistical testing of the following hypotheses include: HO1 : That there is no significant different between income levels of the Enugu residents and those of slum residents and their decision to live in slum areas. HO2 : That there is no significant different between education levels of the Enugu residents and those of slum residents and their decision to live in slum areas. HO3 : That there is no significant different between the population (gender) of the Enugu residents and those of slum residents and their decision to live in slum areas. HO4 : That there is no significant different between the household size of the Enugu residents and those of slum residents and their decision to live in slum areas. HO5 : That there is no significant different between certain constraints of the Enugu residents and those of slum residents and their decision to live in slum areas. For the dependent variable, which was their decision to live in slums, a logistic multiple regression model was applied to test this variable because of the binary variables. Data for the study were statistically analyzed using the Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine if significant differences occurred at alpha level of (α ≤ 0.05) or less. Research data for this study were statistically submitted to a Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), for statistical analysis and the hypotheses were tested at the alpha level of 0.05 or less. Based on the results of the observation of the study, hypothesis one was significant at the alpha level of 0.05 and was not rejected. Also hypotheses two, three, four and five were all not rejected since they were significant at alpha levels of 0.05. Therefore, hypotheses were not rejected. The conclusions were that the data collected from the study revealed that low-income groups could not afford rent for a house in the city due to their low monthly salary (contributed by their educational background), large family size and strict government rules on land/housing, which pushed them to dwell in slums where there were no infrastructural services, no running clean water, no garbage pickups, and sewage services. Therefore, low-income housing was needed in Enugu Metropolitan areas of Nigeria to avoid environmental and health devastations caused by these groups in their slum dwellings, and future research was needed in these areas.
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