The behavioral and physiological effects of ecotourism on the Sulawesi black macaques at the Tangkok...

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" The behavioral and physiological effects of ecotourism on the Sulawesi black macaques at the Tangkoko Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia "
Deborah I. Paulsen R. C. Kyes

Document Type	:	Latin Dissertation
Language of Document	:	English
Record Number	:	53739
Doc. No	:	TL23693
Call number	:	‭3370533‬
Main Entry	:	Deborah I. Paulsen
Title & Author	:	The behavioral and physiological effects of ecotourism on the Sulawesi black macaques at the Tangkoko Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia\ Deborah I. Paulsen
College	:	University of Washington
Date	:	2009
Degree	:	Ph.D.
student score	:	2009
Page No	:	77
Abstract	:	The Tangkoko Nature Reserve in North Sulawesi, Indonesia contains one of the largest remaining populations of critically endangered Sulawesi black macaques (Macaca nigra ) and experiences a high rate of foreign and local ecotourism. Analyses of behavioral interactions between tourists and macaques were used to identify tourist behaviors that should be avoided in order to minimize aggression and contact. Recommendations for tourist management and education include the avoidance of aggressive behaviors and handling of food, bags, or objects in the presence of the monkeys. A survey of intestinal parasites in the macaque population identified 8 helminth genera and 4 protozoan genera. Although it does not appear that macaque groups with greater exposure to the tourist population experienced higher levels of parasite infection, all of the parasites in the macaque population were also found in samples collected from the local human population. Several of the parasites identified likely originated in the human population, as they are known to infect humans as definitive hosts. Finally, fecal assays were used to compare stress hormone levels across 3 macaque groups with different levels of exposure to the tourist population. Hormone concentration was highest in groups with the most and least exposure to humans. One possible explanation is that the high-contact group experienced the chronic stress associated with human disturbance, while the low-contact group experienced the chronic stress associated with lower food availability compared to the higher contact groups that enjoyed greater access to human food sources.
Subject	:	Psychology; Primates; Parasites; Behavioral effects; Stress hormones; Tourism; Conservation; Ecotourism; Sulawesi black macaques; Tangkoko Nature Reserve; Indonesia; Behavioral psychology; 0384:Behavioral psychology
Added Entry	:	R. C. Kyes
Added Entry	:	University of Washington