Cross -cultural analysis of children's affective behavior while engaged in a cooperative/competitive...

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" Cross -cultural analysis of children's affective behavior while engaged in a cooperative/competitive game "
Richard Wagner Rodgerson M. G. Wade

Document Type	:	Latin Dissertation
Language of Document	:	English
Record Number	:	54178
Doc. No	:	TL24132
Call number	:	‭3167712‬
Main Entry	:	Richard Wagner Rodgerson
Title & Author	:	Cross -cultural analysis of children's affective behavior while engaged in a cooperative/competitive game\ Richard Wagner Rodgerson
College	:	University of Minnesota
Date	:	2005
Degree	:	Ph.D.
student score	:	2005
Page No	:	86
Abstract	:	Charlesworth's research paradigm (1983, 1987, 1996), the “movie viewer game”, examined the relationship between costs and benefits in children's cooperative relationships. In this design, children had to obtain the cooperation of others in order to view a cartoon in a toy movie viewer. Viewing was only possible if other children were willing to help run the movie viewer device. In this study, Charlesworth's paradigm was extended to examine the positive emotional expression of the smile in children from three cultures. Participants were 5-to-7-year old school children from India, Malaysia, and the United States (one sample from California and one sample from Minnesota). Contrasts were made, both within and across the 4 person groups, with respect to the smiling behavior of those children that received the most (alpha children) and those that received the least viewing time (delta children). The relationship between smiling behavior and the equitable distribution of viewing times within groups was also examined. Analysis revealed differences in smiling behavior between samples such that the children from the Minnesota sample smiled more frequently than the children from the California, India, and Malaysia samples. Additionally, the children in the Minnesota sample distributed the viewing times more equitably than did those in the other samples. Cross culturally, a central prediction of this project was supported. Across all cultures and within most groups, when children were observed in game positions other than viewing the cartoon (helping to run the movie viewer for example or standing by) the child who received the most viewing time within a group smiled more than the child who viewed the least within the a group. The results of this study suggest that alpha and delta children present a different affective profile within the context of the game and that this difference can be seen in each of the samples examined. The cross-cultural findings reported in this study support the idea that similar stimuli elicit similar emotional expressions and that smiling may be related to the outcomes of children's purposeful behavior.
Subject	:	Psychology; Affective behavior; Children; Cross-cultural; Developmental psychology; Social psychology; 0451:Social psychology; 0620:Developmental psychology
Added Entry	:	M. G. Wade
Added Entry	:	University of Minnesota