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" Colonies without colonists: Colonial emigration, Algeria, and liberal politics in France, 1848–1870 "
Claire Salinas
K. M. Baker
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Latin Dissertation
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English
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| Record Number
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54367
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| Doc. No
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TL24321
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3186389
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| Main Entry
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Claire Salinas
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| Title & Author
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Colonies without colonists: Colonial emigration, Algeria, and liberal politics in France, 1848–1870\ Claire Salinas
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| College
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Stanford University
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| Date
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2005
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| Degree
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Ph.D.
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2005
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| Page No
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287
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| Abstract
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In the aftermath of the bloody and divisive French revolution of 1848, the newly established Second Republic (1848–1851) engineered a plan to send disenfranchised urban paupers to become productive colonists in Algeria. The notion of colonial emigration as social reform offered an answer to the liberal state's limited involvement in the social sphere, while solving the colonial problem preoccupying governments and colonialists throughout the nineteenth century: the dearth of emigration to the colonies. The existing literature on French colonialism tends to examine the fault-lines of republican ideology through the relationship between the state and indigenous populations, while neglecting the role of colonists in the formation of empire. In contrast, this dissertation examines how the meaning of republican citizenship was contested and defined in relation to colonial emigration and settlement. Politicians, colonial lobbyists, and philanthropists advocated turning indigent workers into colonists as a means of bridging the gap between the abstract proclamation of social and political equality amongst citizens, and the republic's failure to establish equality in substantive terms. But on the ground, the military rule imposed over the settlements resulted in conflicts over between the authorities and migrants over the colonists' lack of civic rights. Policies to turn these “poor whites” into ordered colonists, such as expulsions from the colonial villages, undermined imperial consolidation. I argue that the racial “civilizing mission” of colonialism went hand in hand with the domestic project of “civilizing” the French as citizens and colonists. The Second Republic's demise in 1851, and the advent of the conservative Second Empire (1852–1870) marked a turn away from the notion of colonization as social reform. Authorities redefined emigration as belonging to the realm of a laissez-faire marketplace of capital and people, and “suitable colonists” as wealthy farmers drawn from the French countryside. Nevertheless, the trends of global migration that carried Frenchmen to North and South America, and Mediterranean populations to Algeria disrupted notions of both national identity and colonial government. The dissertation concludes by discussing the legacy of the 1848 experiment in discussions of emigration and colonization during the Third Republic of the 1870s and 1880s.
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| Subject
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Social sciences; Algeria; Colonies; Emigration; France; Liberal; History; European history; African history; 0582:History; 0335:European history; 0331:African history
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K. M. Baker
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Stanford University
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