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" Personality theories : "
Barbara Engler
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BL
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| Record Number
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641985
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dltt
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| Main Entry
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Engler, Barbara
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| Title & Author
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Personality theories : : an introduction /\ Barbara Engler
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| Edition Statement
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9th ed
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| Publication Statement
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Belmont, Calif. :: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,, 2014
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| Page. NO
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xxi, 504 p. :: ill., ports ;; 27 cm
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| ISBN
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1285088808
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: 9781285088808
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: 9781285088860
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: 1285088867
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| Notes
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Previous ed.: c2009
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| Bibliographies/Indexes
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Includes bibliographical references and index
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| Contents
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Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction: Evaluating Personality Theories -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- What Is Personality? -- What Is a Theory? -- The Role of Personality Theory in Psychology -- The Evaluation of Personality Theory -- Philosophical Assumptions -- Basic Philosophical Assumptions -- Distinguishing Philosophical Assumptions from Scientific Statements -- Criteria for Evaluating Philosophical Assumptions -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Your Own Philosophical Assumptions -- Scientific Statements -- The Philosophical Basis of Science -- Recognizing Scientific Statements -- Some Basic Scientific Constructs -- Criteria for Evaluating Scientific Statements -- The Art of Personality Theories -- Assessment -- Thinking Critically: Evaluating Personality Theories -- Research -- Psychotherapy -- The Challenges of Evaluation -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- pt. I THE PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH -- ch. 2 Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud --
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Contents note continued: Your Goals For This Chapter -- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) -- Biographical Background -- The Origins of Psychoanalysis -- The Discovery of Unconscious Forces -- The Psychoanalytic Method of Assessment and Research -- Thinking Critically: Free Association -- The Dynamics and Development of Personality -- The Importance of Sexuality -- The Psychosexual Stages of Development -- Thinking Critically: Memories: True or False? -- The Effects of the Psychosexual Stages -- The Structure of Personality -- The Id, Ego, and Superego -- The Relationship of the Id, Ego, and Superego to Consciousness -- The Ego's Defense Mechanisms -- Psychoanalysis -- Transference -- Thinking Critically: Identifying Defense Mechanisms -- The Analytic Process -- Empirical Validation of Psychoanalytic Concepts -- Twentieth Century Efforts -- Thinking Critically: Freud on Women and Women on Freud -- Neuropsychoanalytic Research -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Freud's Theory --
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Contents note continued: Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Freud -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- pt. II THE NEOPSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH -- ch. 3 Analytical Psychology: Carl Jung -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- Carl Jung (1875-1961) -- Biographical Background -- The Nature and Structure of Personality -- Psychic Energy -- The Ego -- The Personal Unconscious and Its Complexes -- The Collective Unconscious -- Thinking Critically: Archetypes in Cultural Forms -- Psychological Types -- Self-Realization -- Synchronicity -- Individuation and Transcendence -- Jungian Psychotherapy -- Assessment and Research in Jung's Theory -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Jung's Theory -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Jung -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- ch. 4 Interpsychic Theories: Alfred Adler, Harry Stack Sullivan -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- Alfred Adler (1870-1937) -- Biographical Background -- Basic Concepts -- Thinking Critically: Birth Order and Personality --
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Contents note continued: Adlerian Psychotherapy -- Assessment and Research in Adler's Theory -- Thinking Critically: A License to Parent? -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Adler's Theory -- Harry Stack Sullivan (1892-1949) -- Biographical Background -- Basic Concepts -- Psychotherapy, Assessment, and Research -- Thinking Critically: Prototaxic, Parataxic, and Syntaxic Experience -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Sullivan's Theory -- Family Therapy -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Adler and Sullivan -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- ch. 5 Psychoanalytic Social Psychology: Karen Horney, Erich Fromm -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- Karen Homey (1885-1952) -- Biographical Background -- Basic Anxiety -- Neurotic Needs or Trends -- The Idealized Self -- Thinking Critically: Neurotic Needs, Modes, and Orientations -- Feminine Psychology -- Assessment and Research in Horney's Theory -- Attachment and Parenting Research -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Horney's Theory --
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Contents note continued: Erich Fromm (1900-1980) -- Biographical Background -- Basic Human Conditions and Needs -- Character Orientations -- Assessment and Research in Fromm's Theory -- Thinking Critically: Terrorism -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Fromm's Theory -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Horney and Fromm -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- pt. III MORE RECENT TRENDS IN PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY -- ch. 6 Ego Analytic Psychology: Anna Freud, Erik Erikson, Dan McAdams -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- Anna Freud (1895-1982) -- Biographical Background -- Erik Erikson (1902-1994) -- Biographical Background -- An Enhanced Understanding of the Ego -- The Psychosocial Stages of Development -- Assessment and Research in Erikson's Theory -- Thinking Critically: The Life Cycle -- Empirical Research in Erikson's Theory -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Erikson's Theory -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Erikson -- Dan McAdams (1954-) -- Biographical Background --
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Contents note continued: Thinking Critically: Generativity: How Do You Measure Up? -- Thinking Critically: Your Life Story -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- ch. 7 Human Relations: Object Relations Theory, Relational-Cultural Theory -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- Object Relations Theory -- Melanie Klein (1882-1960) -- Margaret Mahler (1897-1985) -- Heinz Kohut (1913-1981) -- Otto Kernberg (1928-) -- Nancy Chodorow (1944-) -- Thinking Critically: Families Today -- Relational-Cultural Theory -- Shifting the Paradigm -- Psychotherapy -- Thinking Critically: Disconnections and Connections -- Other Applications -- The Neurobiological Basis of Relationships -- Thinking Critically: Serial Testimony -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Human Relations Theories -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Human Relations Theories -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- pt. IV BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING THEORIES --
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Contents note continued: ch. 8 Experimental Analysis Of Behavior: John Dollard and Neal Miller, B. F. Skinner -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- The Experimental Analysis of Behavior -- John Dollard (1900-1980) and Neal Miller (1909-2002) -- Biographical Background -- Habits, Drives, and the Learning Process -- Frustration and Conflict -- Thinking Critically: Personal Conflicts -- The Integration of Learning Theory and Psychoanalysis -- Psychotherapy -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Dollard and Miller's Theory -- B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) -- Biographical Background -- A Theory of Personality Without Personality -- The Development of Behavior Through Learning -- Schedules and Types of Reinforcement -- Thinking Critically: Classical and Operant Conditioning in Your Life -- Psychotherapy and Behavioral Change -- Social Utopias -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Skinner's Theory -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Dollard and Miller and Skinner -- Conclusions -- Summary --
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Contents note continued: Personal Experiences -- ch. 9 Social Learning Theories: Albert Bandura, Julian Rotter, Walter Mischel -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- Albert Bandura (1925-) -- Biographical Background -- An Agentic Perspective -- Triadic Reciprocal Causation -- Learning Through Observation -- Aggression, Inhumane Behavior, and Moral Disengagement -- Self-Efficacy -- Thinking Critically: Moral Disengagement and Reprehensible Conduct -- Psychotherapy and Behavior Modification -- Thinking Critically: Developing Self-Regulation -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Bandura's Theory -- Julian Rotter (1916-) -- Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement -- Predicting Behavior -- Walter Mischel (1930-) -- Behavior Specificity -- A Cognitive-Affective Personality System -- A Biological Basis for Self-Regulation and Delay of Gratification -- Thinking Critically: Behavioral Signatures -- Conclusions -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Bandura, Rotter, and Mischel --
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Contents note continued: Summary -- Personal Experiences -- pt. V DISPOSITIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF PERSONALITY -- ch. 10 Traits And Personology: Gordon Allport, Henry Murray -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- Gordon Allport (1897-1967) -- Biographical Background -- The Nature of Personality -- Traits -- Thinking Critically: Central Dispositions -- The Proprium -- Functional Autonomy -- A Definition of Maturity -- Assessment and Research in Allport's Theory -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Allport's Theory -- Henry Murray (1893-1988) -- Biographical Background -- The Study of Personology -- Human Needs -- Thinking Critically: Evaluating Needs -- Assessment and Research in Murray's Theory -- Thinking Critically: The Thematic Apperception Test -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Murray's Theory -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Allport and Murray -- Conclusions -- Summary -- Personal Experiences --
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Contents note continued: ch. 11 Factor Analytic, Genetic And Evolutionary Theories: Raymond Cattell, The Big Five Personality Traits, Genetic and Evolutionary Developments -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- Raymond Cattell (1905-1998) -- Biographical Background -- Cattell's Definition of Personality -- Surface Traits Versus Source Traits -- Assessment and Research in Cattell's Theory -- The Big Five Personality Traits -- The Study of Language -- The Study of Personality Questionnaires and Ratings -- Differences Between the Big Five and the Five-Factor Model -- Five-Factor Theory -- Applications of the Big Five and the Five-Factor Model and Theory -- Implications for Diagnosis of Dysfunctional Behavior -- Thinking Critically: How Abnormal Is Abnormal? -- Genetics and Evolutionary Developments -- The Genetic Influence on Traits -- Applications of Genetic Research -- Evolutionary Psychology Theory --
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Contents note continued: Thinking Critically: Using a Genogram to Chart Personality Traits in Your Family Tree -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Factor Analytic Trait Theories -- Thinking Critically: Should We Selectively Breed Humans? -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Cattell and the Big Five Theorists -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- ch. 12 Biological Traits: Hans Eysenck -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- Hans Eysenck (1916-1997) -- Biographical Background -- Historical Predecessors -- Constructing a Model of Personality -- The Identification of Superfactors -- The Hierarchical Model of Personality -- Comparisons with Cattell and the Big Five -- The Measurement of Traits -- Looking for Causal Agents of Behavior -- Eysenck's Hypothetical Causal Explanations -- Thinking Critically: The Lemon Test -- New Research on Brain Functioning -- The Biological Basis of Behavior and Neurosis -- Intelligence -- Applications of Eysenck's Theory -- Education --
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Contents note continued: Thinking Critically: Study Places -- Creativity -- Personality, Biology, and Genetics -- Psychotherapy -- Thinking Critically: Measuring the Efficacy of Psychotherapy -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Eysenck's Theory -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Eysenck's Theory -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- pt. VI HUMANISTIC AND EXISTENTIAL THEORIES -- ch. 13 Humanism: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) -- Biographical Background -- Human Motivation: A Hierarchical Theory -- The Study of Self-Actualized Persons -- Thinking Critically: Who's Among the Self-Actualized? -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Maslow's Theory -- Carl Rogers (1902-1987) -- Biographical Background -- Rogers's Theory of Personality -- Psychotherapy -- Thinking Critically: Friendlier Arguments: Using Reflection to Resolve Conflicts -- Changes in Rogers's View of Therapy -- Assessment and Research in Rogers's Theory --
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Contents note continued: Philosophy, Science, and Art: Rogers's Theory -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Maslow and Rogers -- Positive Psychology -- Transpersonal Psychology -- Thinking Critically: War and Our Comfort Level -- Thinking Critically: Should Psychologists Study Spirituality? -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- ch. 14 Existential Psychoanalysis: Rollo May -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- Rollo May (1909-1994) -- Biographical Background -- The Existential Attitude -- Our Predicament -- Powerlessness -- Anxiety -- The Loss of Values -- Rediscovering Selfhood -- Thinking Critically: Is Privacy an Obsolete Value? -- Ontological Assumptions Concerning the Person -- Rediscovering Feelings -- Four Stages of Consciousness of Self -- The Goals of Integration -- The Daimonic -- Power -- Love and Sex -- Intentionality -- Freedom and Destiny -- Courage and Creativity -- A Cry for Myth -- Thinking Critically: Cultural Myths and the Media -- Psychotherapy --
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Contents note continued: Assessment and Research in May's Theory -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: May's Theory -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining May -- Social Media -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- pt. VII COGNITIVE THEORIES -- ch. 15 Personal CONSTRUCTS: George Kelly -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- George Kelly (1905-1967) -- Biographical Background -- The Person as Scientist -- Constructive Alternativism -- Thinking Critically: How We Behave as Scientists -- Fundamental Postulate and Corollaries -- The Reconstruction of Old Concepts -- Assessment and Research in Kelly's Theory -- Psychotherapy -- Thinking Critically: Assessing Personal Constructs: The Rep Test -- Thinking Critically: Role-Playing -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Kelly's Theory -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Kelly -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- ch. 16 Cognitive-Behavioral Theories: Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, Arnold Lazarus -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- Albert Ellis (1913-2007) --
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Contents note continued: Biographical Background -- Philosophical Origins -- The Theory of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) -- Rational Emotive Behavior Psychotherapy -- Thinking Critically: A Self-Help Form -- Aaron Beck (1921-) -- Biographical Background -- Philosophical Origins -- The Theory Behind Cognitive Therapy -- Thinking Critically: Automatic Thoughts Diary -- Cognitive Psychotherapy -- Assessment and Research in Beck's Theory -- Arnold Lazarus (1932-) -- Biographical Background -- The Development of a Theory and the BASIC-ID -- Theory of Personality -- Multimodal Therapy -- Thinking Critically: Using the BASIC-ID -- Technical Eclecticism -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Cognitive Behavioral Therapies and Theories -- Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Ellis, Beck, and Lazarus -- Mindfulness -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- pt. VIII A NON-WESTERN APPROACH -- ch. 17 Zen Buddhism -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- The Introduction of Zen to the West --
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Contents note continued: The Origins of Zen -- The Teachings of the Buddha -- Dependent Origination -- The Three Characteristics of Existence -- Vasubandhu and the Eight Consciousnesses -- Bodhidharma and the Transmission of Zen to China -- The Practice of Zen -- Thinking Critically: Meditation -- Five Approaches to Zen Practice -- Enlightenment -- Eastern Thought and Psychotherapy -- Thinking Critically: Mindfulness and the Search for a Higher Synthesis -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Eastern Theories -- Summary -- Personal Experiences -- CONCLUSION/PERSONALITY THEORY IN PERSPECTIVE -- Your Goals For This Chapter -- Philosophy, Science, and Art: Personality Theories -- Philosophical Issues -- The Challenge of Contemporary Personality Theorizing -- Summary
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Personality
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