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" Electronic processes in organic semiconductors : "
Anna Köhler and Heinz Bässler
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BL
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650156
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dltt
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| Main Entry
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Köhler, Anna, (Professor of Experimental Physics)
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Electronic processes in organic semiconductors : : an introduction /\ Anna Köhler and Heinz Bässler
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1 online resource (xiii, 405 pages)
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9783527685172
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: 3527685170
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: 9783527685141
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: 3527685146
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9783527332922
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Includes bibliographical references and index
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| Contents
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The Electronic Structure of Organic Semiconductors -- Introduction -- What Are "Organic Semiconductors"? -- Historical Context -- Different Organic Semiconductor Materials -- Molecular Crystals -- Amorphous Molecular Films -- Polymer Films -- Further Related Compounds -- A Comment on Synthetic Approaches -- Electronic States of a Molecule -- Atomic Orbitals in Carbon -- From Atomic Orbitals to Molecular Orbitals -- From Orbitals to States -- Singlet and Triplet States -- Transitions between Molecular States -- The Potential Energy Curve -- Radiative Transitions: Absorption and Emission -- The Electronic Factor -- The Vibrational Factor -- The Spin Factor -- A Classical Picture of Light Absorption -- The Lorentz Oscillator Model and the Complex Refractive Index -- Relating Experimental and Quantum Mechanical Quantities: The Einstein Coefficients, the Strickler-Berg Expression, and the Oscillator Strength -- Non-Radiative Transitions: Internal Conversion and Intersystem Crossing -- The Franck-Condon Factor F and the Energy Gap Law -- The Electronic Coupling J -- Accepting Modes, Promoting Modes, and the Isotope Rule -- Implications of the Energy Gap Law -- The Strong Coupling Limit -- Basic Photophysical Parameters: Lifetimes and Quantum Yields -- Spectroscopic Methods -- Photoluminescence Spectra, Lifetimes, and Quantum Yields -- Steady State Spectra and Quantum Yields -- Spectra and Lifetimes in the Nanosecond to Second Range -- Spectra and Lifetimes in the Picosecond to Nanosecond Range -- Spectra and Time Scales below the Picosecond Range -- Excited State Absorption Spectra -- Steady State Spectra (Photoinduccd Absorption) -- Spectra in the Nanosecond Range (Flash Photolysis) -- Spectra in the Femtosecond Range (fs Pump - Probe Measurements) -- Fluorescence Excitation Spectroscopy -- Further Reading -- References -- Charges and Excited States in Organic Semiconductors -- Excited Molecules from the Gas Phase to the Amorphous Film -- Effects due to Polarization -- Effects due to Statistical Averaging -- Effects due to Environmental Dynamics -- Effects due to Electronic Coupling between Identical Molecules - Dimers and Excimers -- Electronic Interaction in the Ground State -- A.I Electronic Interaction in the Excited State -- Oscillator Strength of Dimer and Excimer Transitions -- Singlet and Triplet Dimers/Excimers -- Effects due to Electronic Coupling between Dissimilar Molecules - Complexes and Exciplexcs -- Electromers and Electroplexes -- Excited Molecules in Crystalline Phases - The Frenkel Exciton -- Tire Frenkel Exciton Concept for One Molecule per Unit Cell -- The Frenkel Exciton Concept for Two Molecules per Unit Cell -- Coherent and Incoherent Motion of Frenkel Excitons -- Forster and Dexter Type Energy Transfer -- Experimental Examples for Frenkel Excitons in Ordered Molecular Arrays -- Molecular Crystals: Anthracene and Tetracenc -- Cyclic Arrays of Chromophores: Light-Harvesting Proteins -- Molecular J and H Aggregates: Cyanine Dyes and Carotenes -- Weakly Interacting H and J Aggregates with Vibronic Coupling -- Excited States in K-Conjugated Polymers -- Crystalline Polymers: Poly(diacetylcne)s (PDAs) -- Concepts for Noncrystalline Polymers -- The Basic idea -- Quantitative Approaches: Exciton Models -- Comparison Against Experimental Data -- Brief Overview Over Different Clashes of Conjugated Polymers -- Poly(ene)s/Poly (acetylene)s -- Poly(p-phenylene vinylenes) -- Poly(p-phenylene)s -- Poly(thiophene)s -- Poly(silane)s/Po]y(silylene)s -- Low-Gap Donor-Acceptor Polymers -- Charged Molecules -- The Creation of Charged Molecules by Injection, Absorption and Doping -- By Injection -- By Absorption -- By Doping -- Charged Molecules in Disordered Films -- The Energy of Charged Molecules -- The Absorption of Charged Molecules -- Charged Molecules in Crystals -- Determining the Energy Levels of Charged Molecules by Cyclovoltammetry and Photoemission Spectroscopy -- Cyclovoltammetry -- Photoemission Spectroscopy (UPS, XPS, 1PES) -- The Difference between Electrical Gap and Optical Gap -- A Comparison between Inorganic and Organic Semiconductors -- Crystals -- Amorphous Solids -- The Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) Model for Conjugated Polymers -- Further Reading -- References -- Electronic and Optical Processes of Organic Semiconductors -- Basic Aspects of Electrical Current in a Device -- Injection Limited Currents -- Unipolar Space Charge Limited (SCL) Current -- Bipolar Space Charge Limited Current -- Charge Injection Mechanisms -- Fowler-Nordheim Tunneling Injection -- Richardson - Schottky Thermionic Injection -- Thermally Activated Injection into a Disordered Organic Semiconductor -- Charge Carrier Transport -- Experimental Techniques to Measure Charge Carrier Mobility -- The Time of Flight Technique -- Space-Charge-Limited Currents (SCLC) -- Carrier Extraction by Linearly Increasing Voltage (CELIV) -- Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) -- Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity (TRMC) -- Terahertz Spectroscopy -- Optical Probing -- Carrier Transport in the Band Regime and in the Hopping Regime -- Band Transport -- I lopping Transport -- Polaronic Transport -- Disorder-Controlled Transport -- Superposition of Polaron and Disorder Effects -- Trapping Effects -- Transport at Higher Charge Carrier Densities -- The Impact of Morphology on Transport -- The Influence of Excimers and Traps -- The Role of Aggregates and Crystallites -- Self-Ordering in Discotic Liquid Crystals -- Polycrystalline Films -- Charge Transport on Short Lengths Scales and Time Scales -- Non-Geminate Charge Carrier Recombination -- Recombination without Traps (Langevin-Type Recombination) -- Recombination with Traps (Shockley-Read-Hall-Like Recombination) -- Generation of Excitations -- Optical Generation -- Electrical Generation -- Secondary Processes -- Dissociation of Excitations -- Geminate Pair Creation -- The Timescale of Charge Transfer -- Properties of Geminate Pairs in Single-Compound Materials -- Geminate Pairs in Materials at an Interface or Containing Traps -- Geminate Pairs in Donor-Acceptor Systems -- The Dissociation of the Geminate Pair -- The Onsager (1938) Model -- The Onsager-Braun Model -- Hung and Noolandi's Time-Dependent Formalism -- Pump-Push-Probe Experiments to Monitor the Geminate Pair Population -- Contemporary Models Considering the Effects of Conjugation Lengths -- The Influence of Disorder on Geminate Pair Dissociation -- Diffusion of Excitations -- Exciton Diffusion in a Molecular Crystal -- Diffusion of Excitations in Amorphous Condensed Phases -- Experimental Techniques to Measure Exciton Diffusion -- Measuring Diffusion by Luminescence Quenching -- Monitoring Spectral Diffusion -- Decay of Excitations -- Monomolecular Decay -- Fluorescence -- Phosphorescence -- Bimolecular Processes -- Singlet-Singlet-Annihilation -- Triplet-Triplet-Annihilation -- Triplet-Charge-Annihilation -- Singlet - Triplet-Annihilation -- Further Reading -- References -- Fundamentals of Organic Semiconductor Devices -- Basic Solar Cells and Light-Emitting Diode Structures -- Basic Fabrication Steps -- Electrode Geometries -- The Basic Operation of a Single-Layer OLED -- Multi-Layer OLED Architectures -- The Current-Voltage-Luminance Characteristics of an OLED -- The Basic Operation of an OSC -- The Current-Voltage Characteristics of an OSC -- Solar Cell Performance -- Determining Solar Cell Efficiencies -- Strategies to Increase the Photocurrent -- The Bilayer Deuce -- The Bulk Heterojunction Device -- The Multilayer Device -- Strategies to Increasing the Open-Circuit Voltage -- Strategies to Improve the Fill-Factor -- The Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit -- Light-Emitting Diode Performance -- Determining OLED Efficiencies and Color -- Photometric and Radiometric Units -- Defining Efficiencies -- Color Coordinates -- The Color Rendering Index -- Lifetime Measurements -- Strategies to Improve the OLED Efficiencies -- Strategies to Improving the Emission Color of
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OLEDs -- Single Color OLEDs -- White Organic Light Emitting Diodes (WOLEDs) -- Transistors -- The Operational Principle of an OFET -- Evaluating OFET Performance -- Improving OFET Performance -- Choosing Source and Drain Electrodes -- Choosing the Gate Insulator -- Improving Charge Transport -- Modifying the Polarity of OFETs -- n-Type Transistors -- Ambipolar Transistors -- Further Reading -- References
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Organic semiconductors-- Electric properties.
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| Dewey Classification
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621.38152
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| LC Classification
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TK7871.99.O74
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| Added Entry
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Bässler, Heinz
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Ohio Library and Information Network.
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