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" Exposure assessment and safety considerations for working with engineered nanoparticles / "
Michael J. Ellenbecker, Sc.D., CIH, professor of occupational and environmental hygiene, director, Massachusetts Toxics use Reduction Institute, Department of Work Environment, College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Su-Jung (Candace) Tsai, Sc.D., assistant professor of occupational health and industrial hygiene, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University
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BL
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657249
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dltt
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Ellenbecker, Michael J.
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Exposure assessment and safety considerations for working with engineered nanoparticles /\ Michael J. Ellenbecker, Sc.D., CIH, professor of occupational and environmental hygiene, director, Massachusetts Toxics use Reduction Institute, Department of Work Environment, College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Su-Jung (Candace) Tsai, Sc.D., assistant professor of occupational health and industrial hygiene, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University
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1 online resource
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| ISBN
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9781118998663 (epub)
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: 1118998669 (epub)
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: 9781118998717 (pdf)
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: 1118998715 (pdf)
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9780470467060 (cloth)
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: 9781118998694
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: 1118998693
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0470467061
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Includes bibliographical references and index
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| Contents
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Introduction -- Why A Book on Nanotechnology Health and Safety? -- Some Scenarios -- Organization of the Material -- Our Approach to Nanoparticle Health and Safety -- References -- What is a Nanoparticle? -- Nanotechnology, Nanomaterials, and Nanoparticles -- Nanotechnology -- Nanomaterial -- Nanoparticle -- Naturally Occurring Nanoparticles -- Industrial Nanoparticles -- Engineered Nanoparticles -- Carbon Nanotubes -- Fullerenes -- Quantum Dots -- Emerging Uses for Engineered Nanoparticles -- Other Useful Definitions -- Aerosol -- Particle Inertia -- Brownian Motion -- Particle Diameter -- Agglomerate versus Aggregate -- Summary -- References -- Why are we Concerned? The Unique Properties of Nanoparticles -- Surface-to-Volume Ratio -- Particle Size -- Particle Concentration -- Dose Metrics: Particle Number, Surface Area, Morphology, and Surface Properties -- Implications for the Occupational and Environmental Health Impacts of Nanoparticles -- Respiratory Deposition -- Skin Penetration -- Implications for Physical Risks -- Introduction -- Current Status -- Conclusions -- Summary -- References -- Routes of Exposure for Engineered Nanoparticles -- Introduction -- Engineered Nanoparticle Exposure through Inhalation -- Human Respiratory System -- Particle Deposition in the Respiratory System -- Engineered Nanoparticle Exposure Through Dermal Contact -- Engineered Nanoparticle Exposure Through Ingestion -- Translocation of Nanoparticles from the Lung -- Summary -- References -- Current Knowledge on the Toxicity of Nanoparticles -- Introduction -- The Toxicity of Industrial Nanoparticles -- Nanoparticle Toxicity: General Concepts -- Routes of Exposure -- In Vivo and In Vitro Testing -- Carbon Nanotubes -- Fullerenes -- Quantum Dots -- Metal-Based Nanoparticles -- Summary -- References -- Sources of Exposure -- Overview of Occupational Exposures -- Occupational Exposures in Research Facilities -- Occupational Exposures in Manufacturing Facilities -- Exposure Potential for ENPs in Different Physical States -- Dry Powders -- Liquid Suspensions -- ENPs Bound to a Solid -- Environmental Exposures to Engineered Nanoparticles -- Environmental Releases -- Exposures Through a Product's Life Cycle -- References -- Evalution of Exposures to Engineered Nanoparticles -- Current Knowledge Concerning Exposure to Engineered Nanoparticles -- Exposure to Engineered Nanoparticles by Inhalation -- Mass Sampling -- Surface Area Measurement -- Number Concentration Measurement -- Conversion between Number, Surface Area, and Mass Concentrations -- Particle Characterization -- Dermal Exposures to Engineered Nanoparticles -- Evalution of Exposures in Aquatic Environments -- Introduction -- Sample Collection -- Measurement Methods -- Exposure Characterization in Aquatic Environments -- References -- Exposure Characterization -- Exposure Characterization Steps -- Standard Occupational Hygiene Models -- Exposure Characterization for Nanomaterials -- Exposure Measurement Strategies -- Single-Location Measurement -- Multiple-Location Measurement -- Near-Field and Far-Field Measurement -- Dynamic Personal Sampling Measurement -- Data Analysis and Interpretation -- Statistical Analysis of Data -- Pearson Correlation -- T-test -- Practical Aspects of Aerosol Sampling and Microscopy Techniques -- Aerosol Sampling Techniques -- Microscopy Techniques -- Practical Applications and Limitations -- Particle Losses -- Concentration Measurement versus Particle Samples -- Typical Production Processes -- Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes -- Composite Manufacture -- Case Study: Manual Handling of Nanoparticles -- Materials and Conditions -- Particle Handling -- Measurements -- Aerosol Particle Characterization -- Results -- Discussion -- The Challenge and Brainstorming -- Study Questions -- Case Study: Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes -- Materials and Synthesis -- Measurement -- Results -- The Challenge and Brainstorming -- Study Questions -- Case Study: Exposure From Twin Screw Extrusion Compounding -- Materials and Production Process -- Measurements -- Results -- The Challenge and Brainstorming -- Study Questions -- References -- Control of Occupational Exposures to Engineered Nanoparticles -- Control of Airborne Exposures -- General -- Laboratory Fume Hoods -- Alternatives to Conventional Fume Hoods -- Control of Dermal Exposures -- General -- Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment -- Administrative Controls and Good Work Practices -- Housekeeping -- Work Practices -- Worker Training -- Respiratory Protection -- General Considerations -- Respirator Designs -- Case Study: Comparison of the Performance of Various Fume Hoods -- Materials and Hoods -- Measurements -- Results -- The Challenge and Brainstorming -- Study Questions -- Case Study: Performance of Nontraditional Fume Hoods -- Materials and Hoods -- Measurements -- Results -- The Challenge and Brainstorming -- Study Questions -- References -- Control of Environmental Exposures -- Control of Air Emissions -- Factors Affecting Air Cleaner Performance -- Categories of Air Cleaning Devices -- Control of Water Emissions -- Nanoparticles in Solid Waste -- Control of Exposures Throughout a Product's Life Cycle -- Uncertainties and Needed Research -- Case Study-Filtration Control -- Materials and Process -- The Challenge and Brainstorming -- Study Questions -- References -- The Regulatory Environment for Engineered Nanomaterials -- Occupational Health Regulations -- Occupational Health Regulations in the European Union -- US Occupational Health Regulations -- Summary: Occupational Exposure Regulations -- Environmental Regulations -- US Environmental Regulations -- Environmental Regulations in the European Union -- Comparison of Nanotechnology Regulation under TSCA and REACH -- The Precautionary Principle and the Burden of Proof -- Differences in Handling New and Existing Chemicals -- Volume-Based Thresholds and Exemptions -- Private Law -- Conclusions -- References -- Future Directions in Engineered Nanoparticle Health and Safety -- Where we are Today -- Research Efforts in the United States -- Research Efforts in Europe -- Progress toward Research Goals -- Human Health Effects Studies -- Exposure Assessment -- Future Needs in Exposure Assessment Techniques -- The Development of Occupational Exposure Limits -- Optimal Approaches to Control Exposures -- Engineering Control of Occupational Exposures -- Control Banding -- Respiratory Protection -- Safe Work Practices -- Air Pollution Control of Nanoparticles -- Water Pollution Control of Nanoparticles -- Nanoparticles in Waste Streams -- The Future of Regulation -- Conclusions -- References
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Nanotechnology-- Safety measures.
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Nanostructured materials industry-- Employees-- Health and hygiene.
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Nanotechnology-- Health aspects.
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Nanoparticles-- Toxicology.
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Industrial hygiene.
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| Dewey Classification
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363.17/9
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| LC Classification
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T174.7
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Tsai, Su-Jung.
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Ohio Library and Information Network.
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