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" Freeze-drying "
Georg-Wilhelm Oetjen.
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BL
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| Record Number
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743702
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b563650
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| Main Entry
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Georg-Wilhelm Oetjen.
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| Title & Author
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Freeze-drying\ Georg-Wilhelm Oetjen.
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| Publication Statement
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Weinheim ; New York : Wiley-VCH, ©1999.
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| Page. NO
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(ix, 276 pages) : illustrations
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| ISBN
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3527614087
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: 3527614095
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: 9783527614080
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: 9783527614097
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| Contents
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Cover --; Contents --; 1 Foundations and Process Engineering --; 1.1 Freezing --; 1.1.1 Amount of Heat, Heat Conductivity, Heat Transfer and Cooling Velocity --; 1.1.2 Structure of Ice, Solutions and Dispersions --; 1.1.3 Influence of Exipients: Growers of Structures and Cryoprotectant Agents (CPAs) --; 1.1.4 Freezing of Cells and Bacteria --; 1.1.5 Methods of Structure Analysis --; 1.1.6 Changes of Structure in Freezing or Frozen Products --; 1.2 Drying --; 1.2.1 Main Drying (Sublimation Drying) --; 1.2.2 Secondary Drying (Desorption Drying) --; 1.2.3 Temperature and Pressure Measurement --; 1.2.4 Water Vapor Transport during Drying --; 1.2.5 Collapse and Recrystallization --; 1.2.6 Drying Processes without Vacuum --; 1.3 Storage --; 1.3.1 Measurement of the Residual Moisture Content (RM) --; 1.3.2 Influence of Vial Stoppers on the Residual Moisture Content --; 1.3.3 Qualities of the Dry Substances and their Changes --; 2 Installation and Equipment Technique --; 2.1 Freezing Installation --; 2.1.1 Cooling by Liquids: Shell-Freezing and Spin-Freezing --; 2.1.2 Cooled Surfaces --; 2. I .3 Product in the Flow of Cold Air, Foaming and Freezing of Extracts and Pulps --; 2.1.4 Droplet Freezing in Cold Liquids --; 2.1.5 Freezing by Evaporation of Product Water --; 2.2 Components of a Freeze Drying Plant --; 2.2.1 Installations for Flasks and Manifolds --; 2.2.2 Drying Chambers and Forms of Trays --; 2.2.3 Shelves and their Cooling and Heating --; 2.2.4 Water Vapor Condensers --; 2.2.5 Refrigerating Systems and Refrigerants --; 2.2.6 Vacuum Pumps --; 2.2.7 Absorption Systems for Water Vapor --; 2.2.8 Measuring and Control Systems --; 2.3 Installations up to 10 kg Ice Capacity --; 2.3.1 Universal Laboratory Plants --; 2.3.2 Pilot Plants --; 2.3.3 Manipulators and Stoppering Systems for Vials --; 2.3.4 Cleaning Installations, Sterilization by Steam and VHP --; 2.4 Chamber Production Plants --; 2.4.1 Loading and Unloading Systems --; 2.5 Production Plant for Food --; 2.5.1 Discontinuous Plants --; 2.5.2 Continuos Plants with Tray Transport --; 2.5.3 Continuous Plants with Product Transport by Wipers or by Vibration --; 3 Pharmaceutical, Biological and Medical Products --; 3.1 Proteins and Hormones --; 3.2 Viruses, Vaccines, Bacteria, and Yeasts --; 3.3 Antibiotics, Cytostatics and Ibuprofen --; 3.4 Liposomes and Nanoparticles --; 3.5 Transplants --; 4 Food and Luxury Food --; 4.1 Vegetables, Potatoes, Fruits and Juices --; 4.2 Coffee --; 4.3 Eggs, Rice --; 5 Metal Oxides, Ceramic-powders --; 6 Trouble Shooting and Regulatory Issues --; 6.1 Trouble Shooting --; 6.1.1 Prolonged Evacuation Time --; 6.1.2 Sublimation Front Temperature too High --; 6.1.3 Sublimation Front Temperature Irregular --; 6.1.4 Slow Pressure Increase in the Chamber During Main Drying --; 6.1.5 Stoppers 8216; Pop Out or Slide into the Vials --; 6.1.6 Traces of Highly Volatile Solvents (Acetone, Ethanol) --; 6.1.7 Different Structure of the Dried Product in the Center and Border of a Shelf --; 6.2 Qualification and Validation of Processes and Installations --; 6.2.1 Quality of the Product --; 6.2.2 Description of the Process Developed for Manufacture of the Product --; 6.2.3 Description of Production Installations and their Handling --; 6.2.4 Equipment Performance Tests --; 6.2.5 Quality of Installation to Document the Ability of Equipment to Operate Processes (described in Section 6.2.2) --; 6.2.6 Documentation of the.
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| Abstract
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Many modern medicines, for example blood derivatives, vaccines, cytostatic drugs, and antibiotics, but also soluble coffee, have one thing in common: freeze-drying is the best method of transforming the perishable substances into a form that keeps well and allows the substances to be stored before being returned almost to their natural state. This book describes the rules of freeze-drying. The critical process data is not just presented theoretically but explained with regard to practical examples. Application of freeze-drying processes is the main emphasis of this book. Many years of experience in the freeze-drying business allow the author to present valuable criteria for the selection of laboratory or industrial plants. Evaluation of the latest publications guarantees state-of-the-art coverage of information. Even modern topics, e.g., validation of processes or estimation of acceptable variances from preset values, are taken into account. These valuable tips make the book indispensable for everybody working in the freeze-drying business.
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| Subject
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Freeze-drying.
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SCIENCE -- Chemistry -- Industrial Technical.
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TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING -- Chemical Biochemical.
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| LC Classification
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TP371.6G467 1999
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| Added Entry
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Georg-Wilhelm Oetjen
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