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" Caryophyllales. "
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BL
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| Record Number
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753826
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b573787
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| Title & Author
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Caryophyllales.
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| Publication Statement
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[Place of publication not identified] : Springer-Verlag Berlin An, 2012
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| ISBN
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3642782205
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: 9783642782206
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| Contents
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Dedication to Arthur Cronquist.- 1 Nomenclatural and Taxonomic History.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Early History.- 1.3 Refinement of the Definition from Alexander Braun (1864) to the Present.- 1.4 Use of Characters Other Than Classical Morphology in Defining the Order.- 1.5 Inclusion or Exclusion of some Particular Families.- 1.6 Recent Developments.- 1.6.1 Families Now Generally Included in the Caryophyllales.- 1.6.2 Families Now Generally Excluded from the Caryophyllales, Although Sometimes Included by Past Authors.- 1.6.3 Summary of Our Present Knowledge of the Caryophyllales.- 1.6.4 Preferred Classification of Caryophyllales by Cronquist.- 1.6.5 Preferred Classification of Caryophyllales by Thorne.- 1.6.6 Relationships of the Caryophyllales.- References.- 2 Chromosome Numbers and Their Phyletic Interpretation.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Chromosome Numbers of Caryophyllales.- 2.3 Discussion and Conclusions.- References.- 3 Vascular Tissues.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Materials and Methods.- 3.3 Primary Vascular Systems.- 3.3.1 Procambial Differentiation in the Shoot.- 3.3.2 Sympodial Nature of Primary Shoot Vasculature.- 3.3.3 Differentiation Patterns of Bundles.- 3.3.3.1 Phytolacca dioica.- 3.3.3.2 Notable Variations in Other Centrosperms.- 3.3.4 Leaf Venation.- 3.4 Secondary Thickening.- 3.4.1 Occurrence of Normal and Anomalous Types.- 3.4.2 Nature of Anomalous Vascular Tissues.- 3.4.2.1 Bidirectionally-Dividing Supernumerary Cambium.- 3.4.2.2 Initiation and Progression of Vascular Cambia in Seedlings.- 3.4.2.3 Origin of Additional Supernumerary Cambia and Nature of Connections.- 3.4.3 Structure and Cell Types of Secondary Xylem.- 3.4.3.1 Portulacineae (Sensu Thorne 1983).- 3.4.3.2 Phytolaccaceous Alliance.- 3.4.3.3 Other Betalain-Containing Families.- 3.4.3.4 Anthocyanin-Containing Families.- 3.5 Extraxylary Sclerenchyma of Stems.- 3.6 Phylogenetic Analysis.- References.- 4 Epicutieular Wax Ultrastructure and Systematics.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Wax Ultrastructure of Caryophyllales.- 4.3 Relations Within the Order.- 4.4 Wax Ultrastructure and Position of the Order.- References.- 5 Sieve-Element Plastids: Their Significance for the Evolution and Systematics of the Order.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 The Sieve-Element Plastid Characters.- 5.2.1 Forms and Types of Sieve-Element Plastids.- 5.2.2 Sizes of Sieve-Element Plastids.- 5.3 The Distinctive Characters of Sieve-Element Plastids in the Caryophyllales.- 5.4 The Distribution of Forms and Sizes of Sieve-Element Plastids in the Higher Taxa of the Caryophyllales.- 5.5 The Sieve-Element Plastids of the Families Sometimes Included in or Most Often Allied to the Caryophyllales.- 5.6 The Putative Evolution of the Sieve-Element Plastids in the Caryophyllales.- 5.7 Relationships of the Order Caryophyllales.- 5.8 Addendum: On Phytoferritin in Plastids of Phloem Cells.- References.- 6 Flower Morphology and Ontogeny.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.1.1 Materials and Methods.- 6.1.2 What Groups Can Be Used as Homogeneous Units?.- 6.1.2.1 Commentary on Families.- 6.2 Results.- 6.2.1 Observations on some Individually Treated Genera.- 6.2.2 Ontogeny of the Flowers, Especially of the Androecium and Petals.- 6.2.2.1 Families with Centrifugally Originating Stamens.- 6.2.2.2 Comments on Families with Successively Originating Stamens.- 6.2.2.3 Flower Ontogeny of Gyrostemonaceae.- 6.2.3 Gynoecium.- 6.2.3.1 Types of Gynoecia.- 6.2.3.2 Ontogeny of Carpels.- 6.2.3.3 Stigmas, Styles, Pollen Tube Transmitting Tissue and "Free-Central Placenta".- 6.3 Conclusions.- References.- 7 Pollen Morphology and Exine Ultrastructure.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Materials and Methods.- 7.3 Results.- 7.3.1 Caryophyllales Pollen Description.- 7.3.2 Tectum.- 7.3.3 Apertures.- 7.3.4 Exine Structure.- 7.3.5 Pollen Descriptions of the Caryophyllales Families.- 7.4 Discussion.- 7.4.1 Pollen Data and Molecular Results.- 7.5 Summary.- References.- 8 Phylogenetic Relationships Using Restriction Site Variation of the Chloroplast DNA Inverted Repeat.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Materials and Methods.- 8.3 Results and Discussion.- 8.3.1 rpl2 Intron Loss.- 8.3.2 Phylogenetic Analysis of Inverted Repeat Restriction Site Mutations.- 8.3.3 Nepenthes and the Caryophyllales.- 8.4 Conclusions.- References.- 9 Gene Sequence Data.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Materials and Methods.- 9.2.1 Materials.- 9.2.2 DNA Extractions, Cloning, Amplification, and Sequencing.- 9.2.3 Analysis of Data.- 9.3 Results and Discussion.- 9.3.1 General.- 9.3.2 Clade I: Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae.- 9.3.3 Clade II: Caryophyllaceae.- 9.3.4 Clade III: Basellaceae, Portulacaceae, Cactaceae, and Didiereaceae.- 9.3.5 Clade IV: Phytolaccaceae, Petiveriaceae, Nyctaginaceae, and Gisekia.- 9.4 Conclusions.- References.- 10 Chemical Review and Evolutionary Significance of the Betalains.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Biogenesis of Betalains.- 10.3 Evolutionary Significance of Betalains.- 10.4 Value of Chemotaxonomic Data in Studies of the Caryophyllales.- 10.5 Current and Future Studies.- References.- 11 Recent Advances in Betalain Analysis.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 General Procedures.- 11.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography.- 11.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- 11.5 Mass Spectrometry.- References.- 12 Cladistic and Phenetic Studies.- 12.1 Summary.- 12.2 Introduction.- 12.3 Materials: Taxa.- 12.4 Materials: Characters.- 12.5 Methods.- 12.6 Results and Discussion.- 12.7 Conclusion.- Appendix A Characters, States, and Codings, with Notes on Literature Sources, Homology, Sampling, and Variability.- Appendix B Matrix of Coding Assignments.- References.- 13 Putative Origin and Relationships of the Order from the Viewpoint of Developmental Flower Morphology.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 The Fascicled Centrifugal Androecium as a Basis of Argumentation Concerning the Origin of the Caryophyllales.- 13.3 The Gynoecium as a Basis of Argumentation Concerning the Relationships of the Caryophyllales.- 13.4 Conclusion.- References.- 14 A Note on the Relationships of the Order Within the Angiosperms.- References.- 15 Lyallia kerguelensis Hook. f. and Its Artificial Propagation.- 15.1 Introduction.- 15.2 Taxonomic Description.- 15.3 Geographical Distribution and Ecology.- 15.4 Material Examined.- 15.5 Artificial Propagation.- References.- Genera Index.
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| LC Classification
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QK495.A12C379 2012
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