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BL
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| Record Number
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873874
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| Main Entry
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Atkins, P. W., (Peter William),1940-
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| Title & Author
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Elements of physical chemistry /\ Peter Atkins, University of Oxford, Julio de Paula, Lewis Clark College ; with contributions from David Smith, University of Bristol.
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| Edition Statement
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7th edition.
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| Publication Statement
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Oxford, United Kingdom :: Oxford University Press,, [2017]
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| Page. NO
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xxv, 626 pages :: illustrations (some color) ;; 27 cm
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| ISBN
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0198727879
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: 0198796706
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: 9780198727873
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: 9780198796701
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| Notes
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Includes index.
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| Bibliographies/Indexes
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Includes bibliographical references and index.
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| Contents
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Machine generated contents note: 1A.The perfect gas -- 1A.1.The perfect gas equation of state -- 1A.2.Using the perfect gas law -- 1A.3.Mixtures of gases: partial pressures -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 1B.The kinetic model of gases -- 16.1.The pressure of a gas according to the kinetic model -- 16.2.The root-mean-square speed of gas molecules -- 16.3.The Maxwell distribution of speeds -- 1B.4.Diffusion and effusion -- 1B.5.Molecular collisions -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 1C.Real gases -- 1C.1.Molecular interactions -- 1C.2.The critical temperature -- 1C.3.The compression factor -- 1C.4.The virial equation of state -- 1C.5.The van der Waals equation of state -- 1C.6.The liquefaction of gases -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- Exercises, discussion questions, problems, and projects -- 2A.Work -- 2A.1.Systems and surroundings -- 2A.2.Expansion work -- 2A.3.Reversible expansion -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 2B.Heat -- 2B.1.Conventions -- 2B.2.Heat capacity
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Note continued: 10A.Electric properties of molecules -- 10A.1.Electric dipole moments -- 10A.2.Dipole moments of polyatomic molecules -- 10A.3.Polarizabilities -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 10B.Interactions between molecules -- 10B.1.Interactions between partial charges -- 10B.2.Charge-dipole interactions -- 10B.3.Dipole-dipole interactions -- 10B.4.Dipole-induced dipole interactions -- 10B.5.Dispersion interactions -- 10B.6.Hydrogen bonding -- 10B.7.The hydrophobic effect -- 10B.8.Modelling the total interaction -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- Exercises, discussion questions, problems, and projects -- 11A.General features of molecular spectroscopy -- 11A.1.Spectrometers -- 11A.2.Absorption and emission -- 11A.3.Raman scattering -- 11A.4.Linewidths -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 11B.Rotational spectroscopy -- 11B.1.The rotational energy levels of molecules -- 11B.2.Forbidden and allowed rotational states -- 11B.3.Populations at thermal equilibrium
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Note continued: 11B.4.Microwave spectroscopy -- 11B.5.Rotational Raman spectra -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 11C.Vibrational spectroscopy -- 11C.1.The vibrations of molecules -- 11C.2.Vibrational transitions -- 11C.3.Anharmonicity -- 11C.4.Vibrational Raman spectra of diatomic molecules -- 11C.5.The vibrations of polyatomic molecules -- 11C.6.Vibration-rotation spectra -- 11C.7.Vibrational Raman spectra of polyatomic molecules -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 11D.Electronic spectroscopy -- 11D.1.Ultraviolet and visible spectra -- 11D.2.Specific types of transitions -- 11D.3.Analysis of mixtures by electronic spectroscopy -- 11D.4.Photoelectron spectroscopy -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 11E.The decay of excited states -- 11E.1.Fluorescence and phosphorescence -- 11E.2.Mechanism of decay of excited states -- 11E.3.Quenching -- 11E.4.Resonance energy transfer -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- Exercises, discussion questions, problems, and projects
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Note continued: 12A.The Boltzmann distribution -- 12A.1.The population of states -- 12A.2.The general form of the Boltzmann distribution -- 12A.3.The origins of the Boltzmann distribution -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 12B.The partition function -- 12B.1.The interpretation of the partition function -- 12B.2.The molecular partition function -- 12B.3.The translational partition function -- 12B.4.The rotational partition function -- 12B.5.The vibrational partition function -- 12B.6.The electronic partition function -- 12B.7.The significance of the molecular partition function -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 12C.The origin of thermodynamic properties -- 12C.1.The internal energy -- 12C.2.The heat capacity -- 12C.3.The entropy -- 12C.4.The Gibbs energy -- 12C.5.The equilibrium constant -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- Exercises, discussion questions, problems, and projects -- Part 1 Common integrals -- Part 2 Units -- Part 3 Data.
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Note continued: 2B.3.Calorimetry -- 2B.4.Heat influx during expansion -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 2C.Internal energy -- 2C.1.The internal energy -- 2C.2.The internal energy as a state function -- 2C.3.Changes in the internal energy -- 2C.4.The molecular basis of the internal energy -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 2D.Enthalpy -- 2D.1.The definition of enthalpy -- 2D.2.Changes in enthalpy -- 2D.3.The temperature dependence of the enthalpy -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 2E.Physical change -- 2E.1.The enthalpy of phase transition -- 2E.2.Ionization and electron attachment -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 2F.Chemical change -- 2F.1.Bond dissociation -- 2F.2.Enthalpies of combustion -- 2F.3.The combination of reaction enthalpies -- 2F.4.Standard enthalpies of formation -- 2F.5.The variation of reaction enthalpy with temperature -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- Exercises, discussion questions, problems, and projects -- 3A.Entropy
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Note continued: 3A.1.The direction of spontaneous change -- 3A.2.Entropy and the Second Law -- 3A.3.Heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 3B.Entropy changes -- 3B.1.The entropy change accompanying a change in volume -- 3B.2.The entropy change accompanying a change in temperature -- 3B.3.The entropy change accompanying a phase transition -- 3B.4.Entropy changes in the surroundings -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 3C.Absolute entropy -- 3C.1.The Third Law of thermodynamics -- 3C.2.The molecular interpretation of entropy -- 3C.3.Residual entropy -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 3D.The Gibbs energy -- 3D.1.The standard reaction entropy -- 3D.2.The spontaneity of chemical reactions -- 3D.3.Focusing on the system -- 3D.4.Properties of the Gibbs energy -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- Exercises, discussion questions, problems, and projects -- 4A.The thermodynamics of transition -- 4A.1.The condition of stability
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Note continued: 4A.2.The variation of Gibbs energy with pressure -- 4A.3.The variation of Gibbs energy with temperature -- 4A.4.The Gibbs-Helmholtz equation -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 4B.Phase diagrams of pure substances -- 4B.1.Phase boundaries -- 4B.2.The location of phase boundaries -- 4B.3.Characteristic points -- 4B.4.The phase rule -- 4B.5.Phase diagrams of typical materials -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 4C.Partial molar quantities -- 4C.1.Partial molar volume -- 4C.2.The chemical potential -- 4C.3.Spontaneous mixing -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 4D.Solutions -- 4D.1.Ideal solutions -- 4D.2.The chemical potential of the solvent -- 4D.3.Ideal-dilute solutions -- 4D.4.The chemical potential of the solute -- 4D.5.Real solutions: activities -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 4E.Colligative properties -- 4E.1.The modification of boiling and freezing points -- 4E.2.Osmosis -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 4F.Phase diagrams of mixtures
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Note continued: 4F.1.Mixtures of volatile liquids -- 4F.2.Liquid-liquid phase diagrams -- 4F.3.Liquid-solid phase diagrams -- 4F.4.Zone refining -- 4F.5.The Nernst distribution law -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- Exercises, discussion questions, problems, and projects -- 5A.The thermodynamics of reaction -- 5A.1.The reaction Gibbs energy -- 5A.2.The variation of ArG with composition -- 5A.3.Reactions at equilibrium -- 5A.4.The standard reaction Gibbs energy -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 5B.The equilibrium constant -- 5B.1.The composition at equilibrium -- 5B.2.The equilibrium constant in terms of concentration -- 5B.3.The molecular interpretation of equilibrium constants -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 5C.Response to conditions -- 5C.1.The effect of temperature -- 5C.2.The effect of compression -- 5C.3.The presence of a catalyst -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 5D.Proton transfer equilibria -- 5D.1.Bronsted-Lowry theory -- 5D.2.Protonation and deprotonation
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Note continued: 5J.3.The variation of potential with pH -- 5J.4.The electrochemical series -- 5J.5.The combination of standard potentials -- 5J.6.Thermodynamic data from standard potentials -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- Exercises, discussion questions, problems, and projects -- 6A.Empirical chemical kinetics -- 6A.1.The definition of rate -- 6A.2.Experimental techniques -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 6B.Rate laws -- 6B.1.The rate constant -- 6B.2.Reaction order -- 6B.3.The determination of the rate law -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 6C.Integrated rate laws -- 6C.1.Zeroth-order reactions -- 6C.2.First-order reactions -- 6C.3.Second-order reactions of the type A -> products -- 6C.4.Second-order reactions of the type A + B -> products -- 6C.5.Half-lives -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 6D.The temperature dependence of reaction rates -- 6D.1.The Arrhenius parameters -- 6D.2.Collision theory of gas-phase reactions -- 6D.3.Transition-state theory
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Note continued: 8A.3.The s orbitals -- 8A.4.The p and d orbitals -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 8B.Many-electron atoms -- 8B.1.The orbital approximation -- 8B.2.Electron spin -- 8B.3.The Pauli principle -- 8B.4.Penetration and shielding -- 8B.5.The building-up principle -- 8B.6.The occupation of d orbitals -- 8B.7.The configurations of cations and anions -- 8B.8.Self-consistent field orbitals -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 8C.Periodic trends of atomic properties -- 8C.1.Atomic and ionic radii -- 8C.2.Ionization energy and electron affinity -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 8D.Atomic spectroscopy -- 8D.1.The spectra of hydrogenic atoms -- 8D.2.The energies of many-electron atoms -- 8D.3.Spin-orbit coupling -- 8D.4.Selection rules for many-electron atoms -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- Exercises, discussion questions, problems, and projects -- 9A.Valence bond theory -- 9A.1.Diatomic molecules -- 9A.2.Polyatomic molecules -- 9A.3.Promotion and hybridization
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Note continued: 9A.4.Resonance -- 9A.5.The language of valence bond theory -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 9B.Molecular orbital theory: homonuclear diatomics -- 9B.1.The construction of molecular orbitals -- 9B.2.Bonding and antibonding orbitals -- 9B.3.Inversion symmetry -- 9B.4.The chemical bond in molecular orbital theory -- 9B.5.Many-electron homonuclear diatomics -- 9B.6.The configurations of Period 2 homonuclear diatomics -- 9B.7.The criteria for building molecular orbitals -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 9C.Molecular orbital theory: heteronuclear diatomics -- 9C.1.Polar bonds -- 9C.2.The formulation of molecular orbitals -- 9C.3.Molecular orbital diagrams -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 9D.Molecular orbital theory: polyatomic molecules -- 9D.1.The molecular orbitals of H20 -- 9D.2.The Huckel method -- 9D.3.The molecular orbitals of benzene -- 9D.4.Computational chemistry -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- Exercises, discussion questions, problems, and projects
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Note continued: Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 5E.Polyprotic acids -- 5E.1.Successive deprotonation -- 5E.2.Speciation -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 5F.Acid-base equilibria of salts in water -- 5F.1.The pH of salt solutions -- 5F.2.Acid-base titrations -- 5F.3.Buffer action -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 5G.Solubility equilibria -- 5G.1.The solubility constant -- 5G.2.The common-ion effect -- 5G.3.The effect of added salts on solubility -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 5H.Ions in solution -- 5H.1.Mean activity coefficients -- 5H.2.The Debye-Huckel theory -- 5H.3.The migration of ions -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 5I.Electrochemical cells -- 5I.1.Half-reactions and electrodes -- 5I.2.Reactions at electrodes -- 5I.3.Varieties of cell -- 5I.4.The cell reaction -- 5I.5.The cell potential -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 5J.Standard potentials -- 5J.1.The contributions of individual electrodes -- 5J.2.Equilibrium constants from standard potentials
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Note continued: Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 6E.The approach to equilibrium -- 6E.1.Equilibria and rates -- 6E.2.Relaxation -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 6F.Reaction mechanisms -- 6F.1.Elementary reactions -- 6F.2.The formulation of rate laws -- 6F.3.Consecutive reactions -- 6F.4.Pre-equilibrium -- 6F.5.The steady-state approximation -- 6F.6.The rate-determining step -- 6F.7.Kinetic control -- 6F.8.Unimolecular reactions -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 6G.Reactions in solution -- 6G.1.Activation control and diffusion control -- 6G.2.Diffusion -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 6H.Homogeneous catalysis -- 6H.1.The Michaelis-Menten mechanism of enzyme catalysis -- 6H.2.The analysis of rates of enzyme-catalysed reactions -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 6I.Heterogeneous catalysis -- 6I.1.Physisorption and chemisorption -- 6I.2.Adsorption isotherms -- 6I.3.Mechanisms of surface-catalysed reactions -- Checklist Of Key Concepts
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Note continued: Exercises, discussion questions, problems, and projects -- 7A.The emergence of quantum theory -- 7A.1.The evidence for discrete energies -- 7A.2.The evidence for radiation as particles -- 7A.3.The evidence for particles as waves -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 7B.The dynamics of microscopic systems -- 7B.1.The Schrodinger equation -- 7B.2.The Born interpretation -- 7B.3.The uncertainty principle -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 7C.Translation -- 7C.1.Motion in one dimension -- 7C.2.Tunnelling -- 7C.3.Motion in two dimensions -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 7D.Rotation -- 7D.1.Rotation in two dimensions -- 7D.2.Rotation in three dimensions -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- 7E.Vibration -- 7E.1.The harmonic oscillator -- 7E.2.The quantum mechanical treatment -- Checklist Of Key Concepts -- Exercises, discussion questions, problems, and projects -- 8A.Hydrogenic atoms -- 8A.1.The permitted energies of hydrogenic atoms -- 8A.2.Quantum numbers
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| Abstract
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This revision of the introductory textbook of physical chemistry has been designed to broaden its appeal, particularly to students with an interest in biological applications.
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| Subject
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Chemistry, Physical and theoretical.
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| Subject
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Chemistry, Physical and theoretical.
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| Subject
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Science.
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| Dewey Classification
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541
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| LC Classification
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QD453.3.A85 2017
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| NLM classification
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541ATK
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| Added Entry
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De Paula, Julio
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