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" Stress regimes in the lithosphere / "
Terry Engelder.
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BL
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| Record Number
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879822
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| Main Entry
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Engelder, T., (Terry)
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| Title & Author
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Stress regimes in the lithosphere /\ Terry Engelder.
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| Publication Statement
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Princeton, N.J. :: Princeton University Press,, ©1993.
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| Page. NO
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xxiv, 457 pages :: illustrations, maps ;; 24 cm
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| ISBN
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0691085552
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: 9780691085555
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| Bibliographies/Indexes
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Includes bibliographical references (pages 401-449) and index.
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| Contents
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1. Basic Concepts -- Elasticity and Lithospheric Stress -- Three Reference States of Stress -- Tectonic Stress -- Differential Stress -- The Effect of Pore Pressure on Stress -- Stress Regimes in the Lithosphere -- 2. Stress in the Crack-Propagation Regime -- Stress Concentrations -- Griffith's Analysis of Crack Propagation -- Vertical Joint Propagation at Depth -- Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics -- The Stress-Pore Pressure Relationship at Joint Initiation -- Fluid Pressure during Crack Propagation -- Crack Paths -- Local State of Stress Inferred from Crack Paths -- Stress Trajectories -- 3. Stress in the Shear-Rupture and Frictional-Slip Regimes -- Stress within the Shear-Rupture Regime -- Stress within the Frictional-Slip Regime -- Limits to [sigma][subscript d] in the Schizosphere -- Regional Stress Patterns from Fault-Slip Data -- Popups, Stress-Relief Buckles, and Late-Formed Faults -- The Near-Surface Horizontal-Stress Paradox -- 4. Stress in the Ductile-Flow Regime -- Crystal Plasticity -- Flow Strength of Rocks in the Lithosphere -- Paleopiezometry -- Stress in the Upper Tier of the Ductile-Flow Regime -- Stress in the Middle Tier of the Ductile-Flow Regime -- Stress in the Lower Tier of the Ductile-Flow Regime -- Stress-Depth Profiles -- 5. Hydraulic Fracture -- Borehole Stress Concentration -- The Hydraulic-Fracture Technique -- The Pressure-Time Curve -- Interpretation of Pressure-Time Curves -- Initiation of Horizontal Hydraulic Fractures -- The Effect of a Low Water Table -- Complexities of Stress as a Function of Depth in Sedimentary Basins -- Complexities of Stress as a Function of Depth in Crystalline Rock -- Stress near the San Andreas Fault: A Complex Regional Pattern -- Unresolved Issues Concerning the Hydraulic Fracture Technique -- 6. Borehole and Core Logging -- Core Discing -- Petal-Centerline Fractures -- Borehole Breakouts -- Natural Fracture Surveys -- Sonic and Seismic Logging -- 7. Strain-Relaxation Measurements -- Overcoring -- Stress Orientation from Strain-Relaxation Data -- Direct Bonding of Strain Gauges to Outcrop Surfaces -- Direct Bonding of Strain Cells to the End of Boreholes -- Strain Cells Inserted into Pilotholes -- Thermally Induced Stresses -- The Correlation between In Situ Stress and Jointing -- Earth Stress and Buckles within Unconfined Layered Rock -- A Direct Measurement of Overburden (S[subscript v]) -- Determination of Stress Magnitude Using Strain-Relaxation Techniques -- 8. Stressmeters and Crack Flexure -- The Stressmeter -- Unidirectional Stressmeters -- Inclusion Stressmeters -- Crack Flexure Techniques -- 9. Microcrack-Related Phenomena -- Microcracks -- Time-Dependent Strain Relaxation (T-DSR) -- Direct Measurement of T-DSR -- Differential Strain Analysis -- Ultrasonic Techniques -- 10. Residual and Remnant Stresses -- Residual Stress -- The Grain-Cement Model -- Inclusion Models -- Multilayered Bodies -- Detection by Means of X-Ray Diffraction -- Detection by Means of Double Overcoring -- An Example of the Difference between X-Ray and Overcoring Data -- Microcrack Model for Residual Stress -- Residual Stress in Rocks of the Appalachian Plateau -- Remnant Stress -- The Ambiguity between Remnant and Residual Stress -- 11. Earthquakes -- Fault-Plane Solutions -- Stress Orientation Based on Fault-Plane Solutions -- Platewide Stress Maps Based on Fault-Plane Solutions -- Magnitude of Stress Drop Inferred from Earthquakes -- Relative Stress Magnitude as Indicated by Triggered Earthquakes -- 12. Data Compilations -- Quality Control -- Regional Compilations -- Stress Discontinuities as a Function of Depth -- Coupling between the Near-Surface and Deep Stress Fields -- Extrapolation of Stress Magnitude with Depth in the Lithosphere -- Platewide Compilations -- 13. Sources of Stress in the Lithosphere -- Mechanisms Responsible for Platewide Stress Fields -- Constraints on the Forces Driving Plate Tectonics -- The Origin of Regional Stress Fields -- Lithospheric Flexure.
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| Abstract
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"The purpose of this book is to acquaint the geoscientist with issues associated with the debate over the orientation and magnitude of stress in the lithosphere. Terry Engelder provides a broad understanding of the topic, while touching on some of the specific details involved in the interpretation of stress data generated by the most commonly used measurement techniques." "An understanding of stress in the lithosphere starts with an introduction to nomenclature based on three reference states of stress. Since rock strength governs differential stress magnitudes, stress regimes are identified according to the specific failure mechanism (crack propagation, shear rupture, ductile flow, or frictional slip) that controls the magnitude of stress at a particular time and place in the lithosphere. After introducing the various stress regimes, the author shows how their extent in the upper crust is demarcated by direct measurements of four types: hydraulic fracture, borehole-logging, strain-relaxation, and rigid-inclusion measurements. The relationship between lithospheric stress and the properties of rocks is then presented in terms of microcrack-related phenomena and residual stress. Lithospheric stress is also inferred from the analysis of earthquakes. Finally, lithospheric stress is placed in the context of large-scale stress fields and plate tectonics."--BOOK JACKET.
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| Subject
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Rocks-- Fracture.
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Strains and stresses-- Measurement.
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Contraintes (mécanique)-- Mesure.
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Fracturation hydraulique.
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Géodynamique.
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Géophysique.
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Lithosphäre
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Lithosphère.
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Planets-- Crust.
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Roches-- Déformation-- Mesure.
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Roches-- fracturation naturelle.
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Roches, Mécanique des.
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Rocks-- Fracture.
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Strains and stresses-- Measurement.
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Stress
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Lithosphäre.
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Stress.
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Earth (Planet), Crust.
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Earth (Planet)
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| Dewey Classification
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551.1/3
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| LC Classification
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QE511.E54 1993
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| NLM classification
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38.36bcl
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38.58bcl
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