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" Placebo/Active Controlled, Safety, Pharmaco-Kinetic/Dynamic Study of INP105 (POD® olanzapine) in Healthy Adults "
Shrewsbury, SB; Swardstrom, M; Satterly, KH; Campbell, J; Tugiono, N; Gillies, JD; Hoekman, J
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AL
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| Record Number
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932863
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LA86f519rb
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| Language of Document
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English
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| Main Entry
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Shrewsbury, SB; Swardstrom, M; Satterly, KH; Campbell, J; Tugiono, N; Gillies, JD; Hoekman, J
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| Title & Author
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Placebo/Active Controlled, Safety, Pharmaco-Kinetic/Dynamic Study of INP105 (POD® olanzapine) in Healthy Adults [Article]\ Shrewsbury, SB; Swardstrom, M; Satterly, KH; Campbell, J; Tugiono, N; Gillies, JD; Hoekman, J
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| Title of Periodical
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Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health
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20/2
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2019
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| Abstract
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Introduction: A 2008 survey of emergency department staff (ED) found that 65% had witnessed physical attacks, 32% reported at least one verbal threat per day, and 18% had been assaulted at least once with a weapon. While many of the attacks were due to acute agitation, only 6% of the surveyed EDs had a protocol for medication selection and 40% provided training for staff. During acute agitation episodes – up to seven million/year in U.S. hospitals and EDs – olanzapine (OLZ) intramuscular (IM) is favoured due to a shorter T<sub>max</sub> over oral tablets or oral disintegrating tablets (ODT); however, IM administration requires cooperation, is invasive and can be painful. Uncooperative patients require restraint for the administration of OLZ IM that may be viewed as an assault, thereby reducing trust in medical personnel and increasing the likelihood of staff injuries. When possible, non-injectable forms are preferred during agitation; however, currently approved oral products have slower onset of effect, often requiring labour-intensive observation of the medicated patient until resolved.
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