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" Creating Fiscal Space for Poverty Reduction in Ecuador : "
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BL
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| Record Number
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999836
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b754206
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| Title & Author
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Creating Fiscal Space for Poverty Reduction in Ecuador : : a Fiscal Management and Public Expenditure Review.
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| Publication Statement
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Washington, DC :: World Bank :: Inter-American Development Bank,, ©2005.
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| Series Statement
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A World Bank country study,
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Document of the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank
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| Page. NO
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1 online resource (xxxiv, 243 pages) :: illustrations
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| ISBN
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0821362569
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: 0821362577
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: 9780821362563
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: 9780821362570
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9870821362563
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| Bibliographies/Indexes
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Includes bibliographical references (pages 239-243).
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| Contents
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Fiscal Policy Faces Historical and Structural Constraints -- Fiscal Trends and Challenges -- Pro-Poor Expenditure and the Room for Additional Fiscal Space -- Public Expenditure Management (PEM) and Other Institutional Issues -- Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- A Selection of Key Policy Recommendations -- Fiscal Policy in a Dollarized Economy -- The Ecuadorian Economy: Some Historical Background -- The Role of Fiscal Policy in a Dollarized Framework -- Structural Constraints on Fiscal Policy -- Fiscal Trends and Challenges -- The Volatility of Fiscal Variables -- Fiscal Performance Before and After Dollarization -- The Challenge of Revenue Management -- Fragmented Tax Structure -- Tax Exemptions and the Erosion of the Tax Base -- Earmarking: The Undermining of Budget Flexibility -- Expenditure Trends -- The Fiscal Transparency, Stabilization and Responsbility Law -- Stabilization Funds -- Fine-Tuning Fiscal Rules -- Issues in Debt Sustainability -- Fiscal Sustainability under a Sudden Drop in the Price of Oil, Surge in Interest Rate, or Capital Outflows -- Fiscal Sustainability under Tax Revenue Volatility -- Policy Recommendations -- Pro-Poor Expenditures and the Fiscal Space -- Is Social Expenditure Enough for Poverty Reduction? -- Is Social and Basic Infrastructure Expenditure Pro-Poor? -- Main Social Programs -- Subsidies in Basic Infrastructure Services -- How Much Fiscal Space Is Available for a Poverty Reduction Strategy -- Reversing Current Expenditure -- Making an Optimal Selection of Public Investment -- Assessing Defense Spending -- How Much Off-Budget Fiscal Space Can Be Found for a Poverty Reduction Strategy -- Freezing or Reducing Budget Earmarking -- Reducing Tax Expenditure -- Making Transparent and Intergrating Off-Budget Public Investment -- Towards a Results-Oriented Budget: Attaining the Millennium Development Goals -- Policy Recommendations -- To Shift Public Expenditures Toward a Pro-Poor Focus -- To Re-Target Public Subsidies -- Trade-Offs Between In- and Off-Budget Fiscal Space -- To Reach Selected MDGs -- Performance of Public Expenditure Management -- The PEM Process and its Recent Performance -- Budget Management Review in the Central Government -- Budget Formulation -- Execution -- Budget Management Review in Social Programs and Subnational Governments -- Social Programs -- Provincial and Municipal Governments -- Budget Transparency, Accountability, and Participation -- Are There Sufficient Conditions for a Multiyear Budgeting Framework in Ecuador? -- Policy Recommendations -- An Estimation of the Potential Output And the Structural Fiscal Balance in Ecuador -- Summary of the Budget Process -- Major Budgetary Issues in Priority Social Programs -- Budgetary Framework of Decentralization in Ecuador -- Budgetary Framework of Decentralization in Ecuador -- Potential Sources of Fiscal Space and Estimated Annual Impact -- Volatility of NFPS Variables, 1993-2003 -- Ecuador: Actual and Structural Fiscal Balance, Fiscal Stance and Fiscal Impulse -- Total Revenue of the Non-Financial Public Sector and Central Government -- The Structure of the Tax System -- Selected Tax Administration Indicators, 2001-03 -- "Optimal" Fund vs FEIREP Flows for Debt Reduction -- Evaluation of Compliance with the Fiscal Rules -- Ecuador: Social Expenditure of Central Government as a Percentage of GDP -- Pro-Poor and Non Pro-Poor Social Expenditures -- Social Expenditure and Energy Subsidies, by Income Quintile -- Basic Services Subsidies by Expenditure Quintile -- Rigidity of the Central Government Budget, 2001-04 -- Ecuador: Personnel Involved in Defense and Security -- Estimated Tax Expenditures of the Internal VAT Exemptions -- Progress by Ecuador in Meeting the Millennium Development Goals -- Estimated Fiscal Cost of Attaining Key MDGs and Social Targets -- Potential Sources of Fiscal Space -- Basic Elements of Public Expenditure Management: The "Three-level Analysis" -- Allocation of Public Spending by Tiers -- Review of Ecuador's Public Expenditure Management and Benchmarks -- Ranking of Ecuador's PEM in Relation to Peru, Bolivia, and HIPC Indicators -- Sources of Government Financing -- Budgetary Assumptions and Actuals -- Level of Budget Execution of Sector Expenditures -- Changes in the Budget Share between Executed and Approved -- Forms of Local Participation within Selected Priority Social Programs -- Budget of Priority Social Programs Grouped by Social Sector -- Budget Approved and Executed for Priority Social Programs -- Budget Execution and Tracking Survey of Transactional Delays within PSPs -- Positive Qualifications per Country -- Oil Prices, Growth, and the Fiscal Deficit -- Debt Sustainability under the Fiscal Rule -- Incidence of Social Expenditure and Energy Subsidies, 1999 -- Total Public Sector Net Work -- Non-Financial Public Sector Balances -- Tax and Non-Tax Revenue of the Central Government and Important Tax Reform Efforts 1964-2004 -- Total and Primary Expenditures -- Trends in NFPS and Central Government Expenditures -- Public Expenditure by Selected Functions -- Composition of Wages by Selected Sectors -- Institutional Composition of Public Fixed Investment -- "Optimal" and Actual Stabilization Accumulation Scenarios -- Base Case for Debt Sustainability -- Incidence of Social Expenditure and Energy Subsidies -- Telephone Penetration by Household Income Quintile -- Rigid Compared to Flexible Public Expenditure -- Military Expenditure, 1998-2001 -- Decomposition of Budget and Off-Budget Financing Sources -- Chile: Fondo Concursable -- Changes in Shareof NFPS Expenditures, by Government Tier -- Emergency Decrees -- Stock of Arrears -- Budget Execution of Social Programs -- Seasonal Patterns in Budget for Social Programs -- Planned Compared to Executed Transfers of the 15-Percent Law, 1997-2003 -- Transfers and Payments of the 15-Percent Law to Municipalities -- Transfers of the 15-Percent Law and the New Subnational Budget Cycle -- LAC Index of Budgetary Transparency -- Revenue Base for the 15-Percent Law with/without Oil Revenue -- The Costs and Benefits of Dollarization -- Ecuador's Political Economy -- The Civil Service and the Wage Unification Law: A Step in the Right Direction -- Ecuador's Oil Funds -- The Base Case Scenario -- Teacher Absenteeism in Primary Schools -- Household Expenditures on Water: The Case of Machala, El Oro -- Main Conclusions of the World Bank Ecuador Poverty Assessment -- The Chilean Competitive (Concursable) Fund for Public Programs -- The Six Stages of a Comprehensive Multiyear Budgeting Framework -- Main Recommendations of the IMF-ROSC -- Ecuador-Institutionalizing a Virtual Poverty Fund: A Look at Best-Practice in Uganda -- Structural Fiscal Balance -- Budget Execution at BDH, by Financing Source -- Budget Execution at PAI, by Financing Source -- Budget Execution at LMG, by Financing Source -- Budget Execution at PRADEC, by Financing Source -- Budget Execution at PAE, by Financing Source -- Current and Capital Spending of Municipalities and Provincial Councils -- Priorities of Subnational Investment Spending -- Capital Spending of Municipalities and Provincial Councils in the Health and Education Sectors -- Administration of Schools, Teachers, and Students in The Education Sector, School Year 2000-01 -- Public Spending in Health Sector -- Subsidy Distribution by Consumption Deciles -- Distribution of the Cooking-Gas Subsidy by Ethnic Group -- Effect of Various Reform Scenarios for the Cooking-Gas Subsidy -- Actual and Potential GDP -- Primary Balance -- Flow of Budgetary Funds -- Organization of the BDH Operating in 14 Provinces -- Organization of PAI Operating Nationwide -- Organization of LMG Operating in 40 Municipios -- Organization of PRADEC Operating in 443 Juntas Parroquiales -- Organization of PAE Operating in the Coast and Sierra -- Intergovernmental Transfers, 1996-2003 -- Sources of Revenue for Transfers to Subnational Governments -- Own Revenue and Expenditures per Level of Government and Veritcal Fiscal Imbalances, 1997 and 2002 -- Distribution of the Gas Subsidy Retargeted with SelBen.
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| Abstract
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Annotation
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Economic assistance, Domestic-- Ecuador.
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Finance, Public-- Ecuador.
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Fiscal policy-- Ecuador.
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Government spending policy-- Ecuador.
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Poverty-- Government policy-- Ecuador.
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BUSINESS ECONOMICS-- Public Finance.
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Economic assistance, Domestic.
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Finance, Public.
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Fiscal policy.
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Government spending policy.
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Poverty-- Government policy.
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| Subject
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Ecuador.
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| Dewey Classification
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336.866
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| LC Classification
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HJ950.C74 2005
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| Added Entry
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Inter-American Development Bank.
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World Bank.
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